Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO

CYBERPRENEUSHIP

Week 2

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

LESSON LEARNING OUTCOME:1. Define the meaning of e-business.2. Explain importance and opportunities in e-business3. Define intellectual property4. Describe the various type of intellectual property5. Describe the procedure to register intellectual property of product6. Explain the function of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

What is E-business?

E-business (electronic business) is the conducting of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners.

The processes and tools that allow an organization to use Internet-based technologies and infrastructure, both internally and externally, to conduct day to day business process operations.

Stands for electronic business and refers to any kind of sales, services, purchasing or commerce on the Internet.

A new-tech jargon word used more for marketing than for technical description. Most commonly it broadly refers to conducting business over the Internet (email and web) by communicating and perhaps transacting (buying and selling) with customers, suppliers, and business partners.

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What is E-business?

e-businessUsing internet technologies to

transform key business processes

WebUniversal AccessStandards

ITDataApplications Core business processesReliability, security

and availablitiye-business = Web + I/T

E-business types:

CONSUMERS

C2C

BUSINESS

B2B

ADMINISTRATION

C2A

B2C

B2A

What is Consumers to

Consumers (C2C) ?

• consumer-to-consumer commerce;

• commerce with no middle business people The most notable examples are Web-based auction and classified as sites. Most large venues for such models (for example, eBay and Classifieds2000) are quickly permeated by consumers who participate so actively and regularly that they become small businesses for them.

• The Internet has facilitated new types of C2C although it is important to note that this kind of commerce -- in the form of barter, yard sales, flea markets, swap meets, and the like -- has existed since time immemorial.

What is Business to

Business (B2B) ?

• B2B stands for "business-to-business," as in businesses doing business with other businesses.

• The term is most commonly used in connection with e-commerce and advertising, when you are targeting businesses as opposed to consumers.

• exchange of products, services, or information between businesses. B2B is e-commerce between businesses. B2B Communication using XML over HTTP

• Business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B) typically takes the form of automated processes between trading partners and is performed in much higher volumes than business-to-consumer (B2C) applications.

What is Business to

Consumers (B2C) ?

• Refers to businesses selling products or services to end-user consumers.

• B2B stands for transaction activities involving two business entities (business-to-business transaction). B2C stands for transaction activities involving a business and a consumer (business-to-consumer transaction).

• Electronic commerce comprises commercial transactions, involving both organisations and individuals. From the technical point of view e-commerce is the processing and transmission of digitised data. E-commerce decreases the distance between producers and consumers. Consumers can make their purchase without entering a traditional shop.

What is Business to

Administration (B2A) ?

• Short for business-to-administration, also known as e-government.

• B2A is the idea that government agencies and businesses can use central Web sites to conduct business and interact with each other more efficiently than they usually can off the Web.

• e-maklum is an example of a site offering B2A services -- a single place to locate court documents, tax forms and filings for many different local, state and federal government organizations

Summary and examples of transaction alternatives between businesses, consumers and governmental organizations

E-business category

[ E-banks

[ E-trade

[ E-consulting

[ E-engineer

[ E-learning

[ E-mail

[ E-marketing

[ E-transactions

Can my business benefit from e-Business?

[ Reduce administrative and operating costs

[ Reduce inventory costs

[ Reduce the cost of procurement

[ Improve customer service and satisfaction

[ Streamline procurement procedures

[ Increase communication efficiency and interaction with employees, vendors, customers and strategic partners

[ Increase revenues and profit margins

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

According to your product / services. Discuss importance and opportunities in e-business

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Type of intellectual property

• Copyright• Patent• trademark

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

What intellectual property?

• creations of the mind, for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized --- and the corresponding fields of law

• refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce

• Common types of intellectual property rights (IPR) include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets (depending upon jurisdictions).

Reasons for Intellectual Property• Natural Rights/Justice Argument: Person has the right over

their labour, and the products of such, and also have similar rights over their ideas.

• Utilitarian Argument: makes society more prosperous.

• Personality Argument: ideas are an extension of oneself and one’s personality.

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Who does it affect?

• Artists• Lost royalties/profits• Harder for new artists

• Record companies, movie production studios, publishers, software houses, etc

• Lost revenues• Increased security and legal costs

• Employees• Redundancies due to store closures, cut-backs, etc

• Users?• Favourite artists dropped by label• Holes in Firewall -> Computer exposed• Viruses, worms, etc• Spyware, adware

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Who is an author?Who is a creator?

• Anyone can be an author on the internet.• Give credit even when the author does not state

they have © copyright or have a publisher (such as a book/journal/magazine).

• Creators have rights.

Importance of copyright

• Respect intellectual rights of creators of information• Reward creativity of authors, artists, musicians, etc.• Legal mandate• Model proper behavior for students, teachers, and other members of

educational community

What is covered by copyright?

• literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspapers and computer programs; databases;

• films, musical compositions, and choreography; • artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs and sculpture;

architecture;• and advertisements, maps and technical drawings.

What is not covered by copyright?

• ideas• facts• recipes• blank forms• stock literary devices• works lacking originality (e.g. the phone book)• names, titles or short phrases• works from the federal government

Limitations on Copyright

Library and classroom exemptionsFair use

Duration of Copyright

Copyright in a literary work, lasts for the:

Author’s lifetime plus 50 years from the end of The calendar year in which the author dies 50 years for films and sound recordings 25 years for typographical arrangements of a published edition

Moral rights last for as long as Copyright and can not be assigned An author may waive his/her moral rights by signing an agreement to

that effect

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

patentWhat is Patent?

•A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem.

What is Utility Innovation?

•A utility innovation is an exclusive right granted for a "minor" invention which does not require to satisfy the test of inventiveness as required of a patent.

Who May Apply?

•Any person may make an application for a patent or for a utility innovation either alone or jointly with another person. The word "person" is not limited to natural persons and thus also includes, for example, a company.

How can a patent or utility innovation be protected?

•An applicant must file a patent or utility innovation application with the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia which will assess whether it meets the requirements of the Patents Act 1983.

Why Protect an Invention?

•A patent or utility innovation protection gives the owner of the patent/utility innovation the exclusive right to stop others from manufacturing, using and/or selling the owner's invention in Malaysia without the owner's consent or permission.

Term of protection

•A patent is protected 20 years from the date of filing and a utility innovation is protected 10 + 5 + 5 years from the date of filing subject to use.

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

trademarkWhat is a trade mark?

• A trade mark is a sign that you can use to distinguish your business’ goods or services from those of other traders.

• A trade mark can be represented graphically in the form of your company’s logo or a signature.• Through a registered trade mark, you can protect your brand (or “mark”) by restricting other

people from using its name or logo.• Once acquired, a trade mark can last indefinitely as long as you renew it every 10 years.

Because a registered trade mark is a form of IP, you can license or assign it to others.

The benefits of registering a trade mark• However, if you register a trade mark in relation to your goods and/or services, you are effectively

gaining a statutory monopoly of your mark. A trade mark can add value to your business because it can be used to protect your market share, you can license it to third parties such as a franchisee, or you can sell it outright for a specified value. You can also use a trade mark to help you to raise equity for the development of your business.

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

• What is a trademark or service mark?• A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of

words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others.

• A service mark is the same as a trademark, except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. Throughout this booklet, the terms "trademark" and "mark" refer to both trademarks

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Trademark • The following can be registered as a trade mark but a mark must be

distinctive and capable of distinguishing your goods or services from similar ones of other traders:

• letters• words• names• signatures• labels• devices• tickets• shapes• colours

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

• a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

• It criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures (commonly known as digital rights management or DRM) that control access to copyrighted works

• The intent behind DMCA was to create an updated version of copyright laws to deal with the special challenges of regulating digital material. Broadly, the aim of DMCA is to protect the rights of both copyright owners and consumers. The law complies with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, both of which were ratified by over 50 countries around the world in 1996.

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Let discuss

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Let discuss

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari

Notes By : Farihan Elyana Bt Zahari