unit 1 lesson 1 congress and the national science foundation.pptx

7/27/2019 Unit 1 Lesson 1 Congress and the National Science Foundation.pptx

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Unit One. Research and

Development


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Congress and the National Science

FoundationA) In Pairs discuss the questions:

1. In your country, which government department has

responsibility for scientific research ?Conicyt

2. Which universities in your country have a strongreputation for scientific research?

Universidad de ChileUniversidad Catlica

Universidad de Tarapac

Universidad de Talca


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B) Read and complete the text using the words below.

FUNDING FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHScientific research requires substantial funding, specially when it involves

the use of expensive equipment. This funding often comes directlyfrom (1) _______. In the U.S. for example, it is federal government thatsponsors most national defense and space exploration projects.

Funding for science can also come from science (2) _________. In 1950, theU.S. Congress passed an act that stablished the National ScienceFoundation. This independent Federal Agency develops a National

Science policy and supports scientific research and education. Twoother well-known foundations that are involved in disease research arethe American Cancer Society and the National Heart Association.

Research is also conducted and supported by private-sector (3) _________that employ scientists specially from the applied sciences who workin the development of the industrial or commercial processes andproducts.

Scientific research is also supported by (4) _________ throughprofessorships . Most professors do not just give classes but also conduct

scientific research. Indeed, what many professors are looking for is theopportunity to work at the university where they can continue their ownresearch. These are the professors whose students have the chance toobserve real research at firsthand. Most universities specialize in certainfields and they are frequently judged on the achievements of theirresearch professors. Scientists whose research findings are publishedand talked about in scientific circles bring prestige to the institutionwhere they work.

Congress and the National Science Foundation

universities, governments, industries, foundations


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B) Read and complete the text using the words below.

FUNDING FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Scientific research requires substantial funding, specially when it involvesthe use of expensive equipment. This funding often comes directlyfrom (1) governments In the U.S. for example, it is federal governmentthat sponsors most national defense and space exploration projects.

Funding for science can also come from science (2) foundations. In 1950,the U.S. Congress passed an act that stablished the National ScienceFoundation. This independent Federal Agency develops a National

Science policy and supports scientific research and education. Twoother well-known foundations that are involved in disease research arethe American Cancer Society and the National Heart Association.

Research is also conducted and supported by private-sector (3) industries_that employ scientists specially from the applied sciences who workin the development of the industrial or commercial processes andproducts.

Scientific research is also supported by (4) universities throughprofessorships . Most professors do not just give classes but also conduct

scientific research. Indeed, what many professors are looking for is theopportunity to work at the university where they can continue their ownresearch. These are the professors whose students have the chance toobserve real research at firsthand. Most universities specialize in certainfields and they are frequently judged on the achievements of theirresearch professors. Scientists whose research findings are publishedand talked about in scientific circles bring prestige to the institutionwhere they work.



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C) Read the text again and find the words that mean thesame as the following phrases:1. Very large: _________ (paragraph 1)2. A law passed by parliament, congress, etc.: _________

(paragraph 2)

3. Use the services of someone or something: _________(paragraph 3)4. Respect and admiration for someone or something of

high quality: ________ (paragraph 4)5. One who assumes responsibility for another person or a

group during a period of instruction, apprenticeship, orprobation: ________ (paragraph 1)6. A sum of money or other resources set aside for a specific

purpose: _________ (paragraph 2)



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C) Read the text again and find the words that mean thesame as the following phrases:1. Very large: substantial(paragraph 1)2. A law passed by parliament, congress, etc.: act

(paragraph 2)

3. Use the services of someone or something: employ(paragraph 3)4. Respect and admiration for someone or something of

high quality: prestige(paragraph 4)5. One who assumes responsibility for another person or a

group during a period of instruction, apprenticeship, orprobation: sponsor (paragraph 1)6. A sum of money or other resources set aside for a specific

purpose: funding (paragraph 2)



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D) In pairs, discuss and write definitions for thefollowing terms from the text. Use the dictionary tohelp you.

1. the federal government

2. at first hand

3. the private sector

4. research findings

5. the applied sciences6. in scientific circles



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D)1. the federal government: a government with strong

central powers

2. at firsthand: directly

3. the private sector: an area of the market that is notmanaged by the state

4.research findings: results from scientific activity

5. the applied sciences: science used for practicalpurposes

6.in scientific circles: among a community related toscience



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Read the last two paragraphs of the text again andcomplete these sentences:

1. In paragraph 3, line 2, the pronoun that refers to_______

2. In paragraph 3, line 4, the pronoun whorefers to_______

3. In paragraph 4, line 4, the pronoun whatrefers to_______

4. In paragraph 4, line 6, the pronoun whererefers to_______

5. In paragraph 4, line 8, the pronoun whoserefers to_______



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Read the last two paragraphs of the text again andcomplete these sentences:

1. In paragraph 3, line 2, the pronoun that refers toprivate-sector industries

2. In paragraph 3, line 4, the pronoun whorefers toscientist

3. In paragraph 4, line 4, the pronoun whatrefers toopportunity

4. In paragraph 4, line 6, the pronoun whererefers touniversity

5. In paragraph 4, line 8, the pronoun whoserefers toprofessors



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Relative clauses A relative clause is a subordinate clause that begins with a question word (e.g.who, which, where) or

the word that. You can use it to modify a noun or pronoun (i.e. to identify or give more informationabout it).

Studentswho can develop independent learning skillsoften achieve goodacademic results.

There is a new book that investigates the controversy over political reforms inHong Kong.

A university is a placewhere people pursue advanced knowledge in specific

academic disciplines. The lecture theatre in which the inauguration ceremony will be heldis now being

cleaned. Words likewho, thatandwhenare often referred to as relative pronouns when they are used to

introduce relative clauses. You use: who for people,whichfor things, and thatfor both people and things. whom as the object of a relative clause (in more formal English), though it is

increasingly common to replace it withwho.

whose to indicate possession, as a determiner before nouns. For example:

Whats the name of the personwho/thatfirst landed on the moon? This is Dr. Perkins,whomwe met at a conference in Canada last year.

All studentswhoseregistration numbers begin with 374 should immediately go to the library for atour.



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F) Read and complete the sentences with appropriate relativepronouns. The first one has been done for you.

1. It is the Ministry of Science and Education thatdecideswhere to allocate funds.

2. This is the professor _____ book is being published nextmonth.

3. _____ students want is hands-on experience working onreal research projects.

4. This is the place _____ decisions about funding are taken.

5. She is the sort of professor ____ encourages students tothink for themselves.6. This is the building _____ most of the research is carried

out.



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F) Read and complete the sentences with appropriate relativepronouns. The first one has been done for you.

1. It is the Ministry of Science and Education thatdecideswhere to allocate funds.

2. This is the professorwhosebook is being published nextmonth.

3. Whatstudents want is hands-on experience working onreal research projects.

4. This is the placewhere decisions about funding are

taken.5. She is the sort of professorwhoencourages students tothink for themselves.

6. This is the buildingwheremost of the research is carriedout.



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EXERCISE (2): Choose one of the following relative pronounswho,whichorwhoseto complete the sentences below.

1) I talked to the girl ___________car had broken down in front of theshop

2) Mr Richards, _____________is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.

3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich _____________is in East Anglia.4) This is the girl ___________comes from Spain.5) That's Peter, the boy ___________has just arrived at the airport.6) Thank you very much for your e-mail ____________was very

interesting.

7) The man, ____________father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.8) The children, _______________shouted in the street, are not fromour school.

9) The car, ______________driver is a young man, is from Ireland.10) What did you do with the money ___________your mother lent you?



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EXERCISE (2): Choose one of the relative pronounswho,whichorwhoseto complete the sentences below.

1) I talked to the girlwhose car had broken down in front of the shop.2) Mr Richards,who is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.3) We often visit our aunt in Norwichwhich is in East Anglia.4) This is the girlwho comes from Spain.5) That's Peter, the boywho has just arrived at the airport.6) Thank you very much for your e-mailwhichwas very interesting.7) The man,whose father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.8) The children,who shouted in the street, are not from our school.

9) The car,whose driver is a young man, is from Ireland.10) What did you do with the moneywhich / thatyour mother lent

you?



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EXERCISE (3): Join the following sentences to make one sentence using a relative pronoun when necessary.

There's the boy. He broke the window. ______________________________

The film star gave a party. It cost $10,000 ______________________________

That's the palace. The Queen lives in it. ______________________________

They are the policemen. They caught the thief. ______________________________

I gave her a watch. It stopped after two days. ______________________________

My car was very expensive. It's a Mercedes. ______________________________

You're reading a book. I wanted to read it. ______________________________

The Red Lion is a pub. We met in it for a drink. ______________________________

Here are the letters. They arrived this morning .______________________________

I met Mr Da Silva. He is President of Brazil. ______________________________That's the house. I was born in it. ______________________________

Where is the lady? She ordered fish. ______________________________

Those are the cars. They only take unleaded petrol. ___________________________



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EXERCISE (3): Join the following sentences to make one sentence using a relative pronoun when necessary.

There's the boy. He broke the window. Theres the boy who broke the windowThe film star gave a party. It cost $10,000 The film star gave a party that cost $10,000

That's the palace. The Queen lives in it. Thats the palace where the Queen lives

They are the policemen. They caught the thief. They are the policemen who caught the thief

I gave her a watch. It stopped after two days. I gave her a watch that stopped after two days

My car was very expensive. It's a Mercedes. My car , which is a Mercedes, is very expensiveYou're reading a book. I wanted to read it. Youre reading a book that I wanted to read

The Red Lion is a pub. We met in it for a drink. The Red Lion is a pub where we met for a drink

Here are the letters. They arrived this morning Here are the letters that arrived this morning

I met Mr Da Silva. He is President of Brazil. I met Mr. Da Silva who is the President of Brazil

That's the house. I was born in it. Thats the house where I was bornWhere is the lady? She ordered fish. Wheres the lady that ordered the fish?

Those are the cars. They only take unleaded petrol.Those are the cars that only take underleaded petrol


unit 1 lesson 1 congress and the national science foundation.pptx

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