Unit 1 Living with technology

Grammar and Usage

Leading-in

Read and tell us what prepositions are

and how they are used.

My family will move to a new flat. We

need a lot of new household appliances

before we can move in. Last Saturday,

we went to a department store. The

household appliances section is on the

fifth floor. We first bought a fridge

and an electric rice cooker. My parents

suggested we buy a microwave oven so

that we can save a lot of time reheating

food. Then we bought a washing

machine. After that, a vacuum cleaner

came into our package as it is useful

for keeping our house clean. We had a

tiring but happy Saturday.

Look at the words in color, where are

they put, before a noun or after a

noun?

What are they used to express?

Usage of prepositions:

• Used before a noun or a noun phrase

can express time, place, movement etc.

• Used before a verb in the –ing form.

Prepositions like at, in, on, for, by and

since can be used to express time. Other

prepositions of time include during,

after, before, between, from, until, etc.

Express Time

e.g. Regular public TV broadcasting

began in 1928.

The first record players only played

a record for two minutes.

By 1967, most TV broadcasts were

in color.

★ since 接过去的某时间点 , 常用于完成时 ★ for 接一段具体的时间 , 常用于完成时 ★ in + 一段时间。与非延续性动词连用 ,

表一段时间以后 , 多用于将来时 ; 与延续

性动词连用 , 表一段时间内 , 时态不限 ★ after + 一段时间 , 常用于过去时

since, for, in, aftersince, for, in, after 的区的区别别

at

in

on

for

used before a point of time

used before a period of time

used before a particular day

to show how long something continues

The usage of these prepositions

by

since

during

after

indicating ‘no later than a time’

‘from a time in the past until a later time or now’

‘throughout or within a period of time’

indicating ‘later in time’

before

between

from

until

‘earlier than the time when’

indicating ‘in the period of timeseparating two dates, events; etc’

indicating the time at which sth starts

‘up to the time of (a specified event)

1. His father will be back from London

____ a few days.

A. since B. in C. on D. after

2. The touch they had both kept in ____

many years broke.

A. for B. on C. into D. with

B

A

3. --- How long has the bookshop

been in business?

--- _____ 1987.

A. After B. In

C. From D. Since

D

4. The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have

to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the

latest.

A. at; until B. for; after

C. at; by D. before; around

C

5. The old man died ____ cold ____

a cold night.

A. from; at B. of; in

C. of; on D. for; during

C

6. The railway was opened ____ traffic

____ April 4, 1985.

A. to; on B. to; in

C. by; on D. for; on

A

• 7Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _____a stepping-stone to future success.

• A to B for C as D by

• 8Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the thi ngs I like ______working here.

• A with B over C at D about

• 9If you really have to leave during the meeting ,you’d better leave____the black door.

• A for B by C across D out• 10Many Chinese universities provided

scholarships for students _____financial aid.

• A in favour of B in honour of• C in face of D in need of

• 11At the railway station , the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was______.

• A out of sight B out of reach • C out of order D out of place• 12If a person has not had enough

sleep ,his actions will give him ______during the day.

• A away B up C in D back

• 13Everything was perfect for the picnic____the weather.

• A in place of B as well as• C except for D in case of • 14When she first arrived in China ,she wondered

what the future might have____for her,but now all her worries are gone.

• A in need B in time C in preparation D in store

• 15-When did you last hear ____Jay ?

• -He phoned me his morning ,and we agreed _____a time and place to meet.

• A of,to B about ,with C from,with D from,on

• 16Fred entered without knocking and,very ,

• Out of breath sank _____a chair.

• A on B off C into D to

At, in and on can be used as prepositions

of place. Other prepositions of place

include above, against, behind, between,

by, near, opposite, under, etc.

Express Place:

e.g. I’ll meet you at the department store.

Wang Li is at a media and technology

exhibition.

This new type of TV can be hung on

the wall.

★ at 表示在较小的地方 ( 村庄 , 小城镇 , 门牌 ); 在某物旁 ( 不确定的地方 )

★ in 表示在较大的地方 ( 国家 , 城市 );

在某物范围内 ( 地点的排列顺序是由小到大 )

★ on 表示在某物上 ( 表面接触 ); road

前用 on, street 前用 in/on; 楼层用 on;

farm 前用 on, field 前用 in

• Japan is to the east of China.

to the + 方位词 + of + 不接壤的地区。• The Pacific is on the east of China.

on the + 方位词 + of + 接壤的地区。• Shanghai is in the east of China.

in the + 方位词 + of + 身居其中的大地区。

The preposition to is often used to show

movement. Other prepositions of movement

include across, along, down, into, off, over,

out of, past, round, through, under, up, etc.

Express Movement:

e.g. The invention of the transistor led

to the development of cassette

recorders.

When autumn comes, many leaves fall

off the tree.

Tips:

We usually say ‘in the morning/afternoon

/evening’, but when we talk about

‘morning/afternoon/evening’ of a

particular day, we use ‘on’ instead of ‘in’.

We say ‘on a bus/train/plane’ but ‘in a

car/taxi’.

He went ____ Beijing. 他去北京了。The ship started ____London.

这艘轮船向伦敦驶去。She fell ____the ladder and hurt her leg.

他从梯子上摔下来，把腿摔坏了。I found the car driving ________me.

我发现车正朝我开来。

for

off

towards

to

for 表示“（方向、倾向、能力）向，往”

off 表示“从…离开”“从…下来”toward(s), to, for 都可表示“方向”• toward(s) 只表示动作的方向，与到达 与否无关， to 表示到达的目的地

• for 表示目的地，与 to 表目的地（前面 多用动词）不同， for 常与 leave/ start/

set out/ sail 等连用， to 常 go/ come/

return 等连用。

across 表示“从这一边到一边”；穿过物体

表面 , 或横过。by 表示“从人或事物旁边经过”，意义

与 past 相似

over 表示“从人或事物上空经过、越过”

past 表示“从人或事物旁边经过”， 意义与 by 相似 through 表示“从事物的里面穿过”或 “ 从长形物的一头到另一头”。

Read the dialogue on page 8 , fill in blanks.

Answers:

1. _____________ 2. _______________

3. _____________ 4. _______________

5. _____________ 6. _______________

for at

until by

during to

Words used with prepositions:

run into by hand concerned about

hear from in return different from

stand for in fact cautious about

Verbs Nouns Adjectives

prepositions with verbs

Many prepositions are combined with

verbs to form prepositional verbs,

e.g. agree with, look for, look into, head

for and stand for, etc.

The ship set sail and headed for

Shanghai.

MD stands for Mini Disc.

动词与介词的固定搭配常见的有：1) 要求 with 的 v. ： begin, mix, agree, deal, fight, meet, play,

quarrel, do

v. + sth (sb) + with + sth (sb)

compare, provide, supply, feed, replace,

combine, equip, furnish

2) 要求 at 的 v. ： aim, point, wonder, strike, work, look,

glance, laugh, run, catch, shoot, stare,

glare, smile, call, fire, tear, knock,

arrive

3) 要求 in 的 v. ： get, lie, turn, draw, believe, share, take,

drop, give, call, hand, succeed, bring, r

esult, trade, involve, check, count, cut,

participate, fill, join, trust, believe

v. +sb(sth)+in

help, assist, spend

4) 要求 from 的 v. ： learn, die, come, suffer, hear, fall, rise,

hang, escape, date, depart, result, differ,

distinguish, judge

v. + sth ( sb) +from + sth ( sb or a plac

e)

borrow, protect, receive, separate, keep,

stop, prevent, choose, remove, save

5) 要求 of 的 v. ： consist, dream, hear, tell, think, know,

talk, die, speak

v. + sb+ of+ sth

rob, warn, inform, remind, accuse,

cheat, convince, relieve

v. + sth+ of+ sb

ask, beg, demand, require

6) 要求 on 的 v. ： act, lean, live, work, depend, look, wait,

turn, switch, pull, have, keep, call, put,

push, speak, insist, push, count, figure,

carry

v. +sb(sth) +on +sb(sth)

congratulate, spend, base, fix

7) 要求 to 的 v. ： listen, stick, refer, turn, point, reply,

occur, attend, lead, happen, come, ge

t, write, hold, agree, belong, adapt, a

ttribute, object, adjust, relate, respo

nd

v.+ to+ sb

announce, describe, explain, express, m

ention, report, say, shout, whisper, spea

k, talk, nod

v.+ sth(sb) +to +sth(sb)

devote, compare, add, introduce, invite,

leave, join, reduce, sentence, carry, take

8) 要求 for 的 v. ： account, beg, hope, send, look, ask, lon

g, pay, wish, wait, leave, fight, plan, pre

pare, care, stand, search, answer, run,

call, apply, provide, apologize

v.+ sb+ for+ sth

ask, blame, forgive, pardon, pay, praise,

punish, reward, thank, excuse

9) 要求 about 的 v. ： quarrel, agree, complain, bring,

think, set, care, hear

prepositions with nouns

Prepositions can also be combined with

nouns, e.g., in time for, by means of, by

accident/mistake, for/on sale, on the

market, in that case and up to date, etc.

When will the new model be on sale?

This technology is quite up to date.

名词与介词的固定搭配常见的有：1) 要求 to 的 n. ： key, answer, visit, apology, introduction

(the key to the test, business visits to Am

erica)

2) 要求 in 的 n. ： interest, satisfaction, expert (an expert i

n teaching small children)

3) 要求 on 的 n. ： book, discussion, lecture, advice, opinio

n, impression, attack, dependence, judg

ment, pity, mercy, congratulation

4) 要求 with 的 n. ： trouble, talk, chat, connection,

conversation, sympathy

5) 要求 at 的 n. ： knock, pull, look, glance, smile, game,

astonishment, surprise, alarm

6) 要求 from 的 n. ： letter, visitor, absence, difference,

protection, relief, rescue

5) 要求 of 的 n. ： quality, number, choice, impression,

neglect, attack, care, consideration,

pleasure, doubt, way, possibility

6) 要求 for 的 n. ： plan, need, reason, explanation, ability,

excuse, ambition, anxiety, reputation,

consideration, necessity, talent, sympathy,

cause, qualification

注意：汉语“的”在英语中可以用多个介词来表达。如：a friend of mine (of 表“属于” )

a ticket for tonight (for 表“给……用” )

a story about Lei Feng (about 表“关于” )

a key to the door (to 表“对于” )

a lecture on American history (on 表“论述” )

prepositions with adjectives

Some prepositions are also combined

with adjectives, e.g., good at, capable

of, fond of, satisfied/happy with, etc.

The program is capable of

calculating

our budget for the year.

Su Mei is satisfied with her new job.

3. 形容词与介词的固定搭配常见的有：1) 要求 at 的 adj. ： afraid, angry, good, bad, clever, terr

ified, surprised

2) 要求 of 的 adj. ： afraid, sure, full, tired, fond, proud,

worthy, certain

3) 要求 with 的 adj. ： angry, strict, careful, busy, popular

4) 要求 in 的 adj. ： weak, strict, rich, interested, successful

5) 要求 to 的 adj. ： next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, due

known, married, close, near, similar

6) 要求 for 的 adj. ： sorry, good, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anx

ious, hungry

7) 要求 on 的 adj. ： hard, keen, dependent, based, impressed

8) 要求 from 的 adj. ： far, different, free, safe, absent, tired

9) 要求 about 的 adj. ： sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure,

certain

注意：有时同一形容词与不同的 介词搭配含义也不同。 e.g. He is good to her.

他对她友好。 It is good for her.

它对她有益。

Complete the speech on page 9.

Answers:

1. _____________ 2. _____________

3. _____________ 4. _____________

5. _____________ 6. _____________

7. _____________ 8. _____________

9. _____________ 10. ____________

on sale up to date

capable of stands for

satisfied with on the market

In that case in time for

up to agree with

真题点击

1. — ____ when has the country been

open to international trade?

— 1978, I suppose. ( 陕西 2007)

A. Since B. In

C. From D. After

解析：从上下文语境可以看出： when 替代的是数字 1978 。句子时态为现在完成时，只有 since + 过去某一时间点才能用于现在完成时，故 A 项为正确选项。

2. _____ the silence of the pauses, we

could hear each other’s breathing

and could almost hear our own

heartbeats. ( 湖南 2007)

A. In B. For

C. Under D. Between

解析：in the silence of the pauses 在短暂的沉默中。句意为：我们在短暂的沉默中能听到对方的呼吸，甚至能听到自己的心跳。

3. Experts have been warning ______

of the health risks caused by passive

smoking. ( 江西 2007)

A. at a time B. at one time

C. for some time D. for the time

解析：at a time 一次； at one time 曾经；for some time 一段时间。由现在完成进行时形式 have been warning

可知用“ for + 时间段”。

4. Some students often listen to music

_____ classes to refresh themselves.

( 四川 2007)

A. between B. among

C. over D. during

解析：between 用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间； among 用于三者或三者之上； over 经过了一段时间； dur

ing

在某段时间之内。“课间”是指两节课之间，因此用 between 。

1. Heilongjiang Province is _____ north o

f Liaoning. Harbin, its capital city, lies

_____ the Songhuajiang River.

A. to; on B. in; in

C. /; on D. to; in

2. To fully understand the writer, we

must read not only between the lines,

but sometimes _____ the lines.

A. within B. beyond

C. beside D. among

3. Although Tom agreed with her on

most points, here was one _____

which he was unwilling to give in.

A. on B. in

C. to D. with

4. As we all know, several primary

schools and factories were

named

_____ the hero.

A. from B. at

C. after D. to

5. _____ what the weather is like, the

athletic meeting will be held on

time.

A. In contrast with B. In relation

to

C. On behalf of D. Regardless

of

6. Mr. Johnson starts to work very

early in the morning and goes on

working until late in the afternoon

_____ a break at midday.

A. with B. for

C. as D. through

Language Points

in this/that case 在这种 / 那种情况下in the case of … 至于……；就……来说in case 以便；以免；以防in case of … 如果…… . ；万一…… . ； 以免……；以防……

e.g. In the case of learning English, we

must speak as much as possible.

You’d better take an umbrella in case

of rain.

It is likely to rain today, you’d better

take an umbrella in case.

capable adj. 有能力的 ; 能干的be capable of 能够e.g. Some airplanes are capable of going

800 kilometers an hour.

Tom is quite capable of neglecting

his duty.

able 和 capable

这两个词都是形容词，都有“能够”、“能干”之意，但含义和使用场合不同。1. 作定语表示“能干”时， able 指某人聪明能干，有多才多艺的含义；而 capa

ble仅指具有应付某一工作要求的能力。

e.g. She is an able teacher.

她是个能干的教师。 She is a capable teacher.

她是个能胜任工作的教师。

2. able 指“能够”，是一时之现象；capable 常指“能力”，是经常的现象e.g. I shall not be able to come to the

office tomorrow.

明天我不能到办公室来 ( 由于某种 原因暂时不能来 ) 。

She is incapable of manual labor.

她不能从事体力劳动 ( 由于某种长期或经常的原因，如患病等 ) 。3. able 的反义词是 unable;

capable 的反义词是 incapable 。

3. 指某人能做某事时， able 之后接不定式， capable 之后接介词 of 。e.g. We are able to get back to town

before dark.

我们能够在天黑之前赶回市区。 They are not capable of doing the work.

他们没有能力做这项工作。

4. capable除表示“有能力的”，还可以表示“有可能的”， able则没有这个用法。e.g.

The situation is capable of improvement.

情况有可能好转。That oil tanker is capable of being restored.

那艘油轮有可能修好。

accompany vt. 陪伴；伴随 ;

与……同时发生或做事情e.g. His wife accompanied him on his trip

to China.

The pop singer was accompanied at

the piano by the pianist.

familiar adj. 熟悉的；亲近的 sb be familiar with …

… be familiar to sb 某人熟悉 /精通…e.g. We haven’t met our neighbors yet

so we are not familiar with them.

We haven’t met our neighbors yet

so they are not familiar to us.

Homework

• To go over the use of

prepositions

after class.

• To do Part C2 and C2 on page

104

of the Workbook.

• To preview the task.