Prof. Preeti BhaskarSymbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Noida

The process of getting things done, by others efficiently and effectively in order to achieve organizational goals

According to Mary Parker Follett Management is the “art of getting things done through people”

EFFICIENTLYUsing resources wisely and

in a cost-effective way

EFFECTIVELYMaking the right decisions and

successfully implementing them

AndAnd

Achieving pre-determined goals

Ensuring Maximum Utilization of resources

Overcoming Competition

Ensuring integration with changing environment

Fulfilling social responsibilities

Coordination

Management as an art

Management as a Science

Management as a Profession

Existence of theoretical knowledge

Personalized Application

Based on Practice and Creativity

Systematic body of knowledge

Principles based on experiment

Universal validity

Well defined body of knowledge

Restricted Entry

Professional Association

Ethical code of conduct

Service motive

Fayol divided business activities into six categories

Technical activitiesCommercial activitiesFinancial activitiesSecurity activitiesAccounting activitiesManagerial activities

TOP LEVEL MANAGEMNT

MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMNT

SUPERVISORY /LOWER LEVEL

MANAGEMNT

Responsible for providing the overall direction of an organizationDevelop goals and strategies for entire organizationSpend most of their time planning and leadingCommunicate with key stakeholders—stockholders, unions, governmental agencies, etc., company policiesUse of multicultural and strategic action competencies to lead firm is crucial

They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.They participate in employment & training of lower level management.They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.They evaluate performance of junior managers.They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.

Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.They help to solve the grievances of the workers.They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.They ensure discipline in the enterprise.They motivate workers.

Includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities- :

STRATEGIC PLANNING

TACTICAL PLANNING.

OPERATIONAL PLANNING.

Strategic planning involves analyzing competitive opportunities and threats, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, and then determining how to position the organization to compete effectively in their environment.

Strategic planning has a long time frame, often three years or more. Strategic planning generally includes the entire organization and includes formulation of objectives.

Tactical planning is intermediate-range planning that is designed to develop relatively concrete and specific means to implement the strategic plan.

Middle-level managers often engage in tactical planning. Tactical planning often has a one- to three-year time horizon.

Operational planning is short-range planning that is designed to develop specific action steps that support the strategic and tactical plans.

Operational planning usually has a very short time horizon, from one week to one year

Includes determining what tasks to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made-:

Identification of activities.Classification of grouping of activities.Assignment of duties.Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships

Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place).

Recruitment, selection & placement.

Training & development.

Remuneration.

Performance appraisal.

Promotions & transfer.

It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes

SupervisionMotivationLeadershipCommunication

Supervision- implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors. It is the act of watching & directing work & workers.

Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with zeal to work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for this purpose.

Leadership- may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in desired direction.

Communications- is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc. from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.

It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals.

Establishment of standard performance.Measurement of actual performance.Comparison of actual performance with the standards

and finding out deviation if any.Corrective action.

Ability of an individual to analyze complex situations and to rationally process and interpret available information.

For e.g.: Idea generation and analytical process of information.

A persons’ knowledge and ability to make effective use of any process or technique constitutes his technical skills.

For e.g: Engineer, accountant, data entry operator, lawyer, doctor etc.

An individuals’ ability to cooperate with other members of the organization and work effectively in teams.

For e.g.: Interpersonal relationships, solving people’s problem and acceptance of other employees.

Figurehead-performs routine duties of a legal or social nature

Leader- give direct commands and orders to subordinates and make decisions

Liaison-coordinate between different departments and establish alliances between different organizations

Monitor- evaluate the performance of managers in different functions

Disseminator-communicate to employees the organization’s vision and purpose

Spokesperson- give a speech to inform the local community about the organization’s future intentions

Entrepreneur- commit organization resources to develop innovative goods and services

Disturbance handler- to take corrective action to deal with unexpected problems facing the organization from the external as well as internal environment

Resource allocator- allocate existing resources among different functions and departments

Negotiator- work with suppliers, distributors and labor unions

Basis Administration Management

Meaning It is concerned with formulation of broad objectives, plans & policies

Management is an art of getting things done through others by directing their efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals.

Nature of work Primarily related to the determination of objectives and laying down the policies

To give practical shape to the policies to achieve pre determined objectives

Scope Important decision are taken and wider than management

Decision are taken within the limits laid down by the administration

Level of function Administrative function are performed by top level managers

Managerial functions are performed by middle and lower level managers

Effect of external and internal factors

Administrative decision are affected by outside factors like social, political and legal etc.

Management process are affected by internal factors like policies objectives etc.

Consideration Owners who are called administrators are given profits

Managers are given salary for their services

Skills Conceptual skills Technical and Human skills