Unit 1: MapsUnit 1: MapsWhere am I?Where am I?

Unit I ProjectUnit I Project• Take two sheets of computer paper and fold them Take two sheets of computer paper and fold them

in half to form a booklet. Place a couple of staples in half to form a booklet. Place a couple of staples along the edge to form the binding.along the edge to form the binding.

• As we work through the unit, you will complete As we work through the unit, you will complete each page of the booklet.each page of the booklet.

• Front Cover-picture or design, name, date, and Front Cover-picture or design, name, date, and period.period.

• Page 2-Definitions. All important concepts should Page 2-Definitions. All important concepts should be defined on this page.be defined on this page.

• Page 3- Illustration of Longitude, Latitude, Grid, Page 3- Illustration of Longitude, Latitude, Grid, Compass Rose, Legend/KeyCompass Rose, Legend/Key

Essential Question:Essential Question:• Imagine that you have been put in Imagine that you have been put in

the position of navigator for a group the position of navigator for a group of people going on a long trip.of people going on a long trip.– How will you keep yourself and your How will you keep yourself and your

fellow travelers going in the right fellow travelers going in the right direction?direction?

– What is the right direction?What is the right direction?– How do you know which way to go?How do you know which way to go?

Essential IdeasEssential Ideas• Location- a place or position—where Location- a place or position—where

something or someone is at.something or someone is at.• Place- a particular position, space, or locality.Place- a particular position, space, or locality.• Big Idea- Name any place in the world-your Big Idea- Name any place in the world-your

home, Hawaii, the Bahamas, India, etc. Each of home, Hawaii, the Bahamas, India, etc. Each of these occupies a distinct position or location. these occupies a distinct position or location. This means that each one can be placed on a This means that each one can be placed on a globe or map and can be found by anyone globe or map and can be found by anyone skillful in the use of geography tools. How?skillful in the use of geography tools. How?

Essential Question:Essential Question:• What is the difference between What is the difference between

latitude and longitude?latitude and longitude?

Pinpoint Locations by:Pinpoint Locations by:• Latitude-the angular distance north or Latitude-the angular distance north or

south from the equatorsouth from the equator• Longitude-angular distance east or west Longitude-angular distance east or west

on the earth’s surface, measured in on the earth’s surface, measured in reference to the Prime Meridian.reference to the Prime Meridian.

• Together, these form a grid- a network Together, these form a grid- a network of horizontal and vertical parallel linesof horizontal and vertical parallel lines

Image of Latitude and Image of Latitude and LongitudeLongitude

Image of the globeImage of the globe

Cardinal DirectionsCardinal Directions• Cardinal Direction-one of the four principal Cardinal Direction-one of the four principal

directions on a compass—north, east, directions on a compass—north, east, south, west. (Never Eat Soggy Waffles)south, west. (Never Eat Soggy Waffles)

• Compass Rose- a figure on a map used to Compass Rose- a figure on a map used to display the orientation of the cardinal display the orientation of the cardinal directions. Sometimes it will also include directions. Sometimes it will also include North East, North West, South East, South North East, North West, South East, South WestWest

Compass RoseCompass Rose

Map Legend/KeyMap Legend/Key• Explanatory table of symbols used on Explanatory table of symbols used on

a map or chart.a map or chart.

Essential Question(s):Essential Question(s):• How can we use latitude and How can we use latitude and

longitude to locate places on the longitude to locate places on the globe or on a map?globe or on a map?

• What other essential information can What other essential information can be conveyed through maps and be conveyed through maps and globes?globes?

Location of placesLocation of places• Each place on earth has a specific latitude, Each place on earth has a specific latitude,

which is measured in degrees, minutes, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the equator.and seconds north or south of the equator.– Most of the time, we refer only to degrees.Most of the time, we refer only to degrees.

• Each place on earth also has a specific Each place on earth also has a specific longitude, which is measured in degrees, longitude, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east or west of the minutes, and seconds east or west of the Prime Meridian.Prime Meridian.– Most of the time, we refer only to degrees.Most of the time, we refer only to degrees.

• Together, these coordinates refer to a Together, these coordinates refer to a specific place on the global grid.specific place on the global grid.

How Far Is It?How Far Is It?• Maps can also give you a sense of distance Maps can also give you a sense of distance

between different points on the map.between different points on the map.• This is accomplished through the use of a This is accomplished through the use of a

map scale.map scale.• A map scale is a ratio which compares a A map scale is a ratio which compares a

distance on the map to the actual distance distance on the map to the actual distance between locations identified on the map.between locations identified on the map.

• Generally is drawn at the bottom, may Generally is drawn at the bottom, may state 1 inch= 1 mile.state 1 inch= 1 mile.

Essential Question•How are globes and maps different?•What are each useful for?

Globes vs. MapsGlobes vs. Maps• Globes are useful for the following Globes are useful for the following

reasons:reasons:– 3 dimensional model of the Earth3 dimensional model of the Earth– Fairly accurate representation of the Fairly accurate representation of the

shape and sizes of large featuresshape and sizes of large features•Minimal distortion as compared to mapsMinimal distortion as compared to maps

• What are they not useful for?What are they not useful for?

Globes vs. MapsGlobes vs. Maps• MapsMaps

– 2 dimensional representation of a 3 2 dimensional representation of a 3 dimensional objectdimensional object

– Because of this, maps distort featuresBecause of this, maps distort features•ShapeShape•SizeSize•DistanceDistance•Area Area •DirectionDirection

Map Projections• Different types of map projections are used in different

applications. Remember, something will always be distorted.

• Conformal map projections- preserve angles, so the shapes of the landmasses look like the shapes that appear on globes; distances and size are greatly distorted

• Equal area projections- phenomena per square unit are shown in correct proportion; distorts shape

• Compromise Projections-Projections that attempt to rectify problems with other types of projections by compromising between them. Usually based on a mathematical formula. Distortions will be lessened, but not totally eradicated.

Mercator ProjectionMercator Projection• Mercator Projection Mercator Projection

– Useful for marine navigationUseful for marine navigation– Not useful for general reference world Not useful for general reference world

mapsmaps

Mercator ProjectionMercator Projection• Cylindrical Projection- parallels and meridians Cylindrical Projection- parallels and meridians

are straight and perpendicularare straight and perpendicular• Makes the map conformal- north/south scale Makes the map conformal- north/south scale

is the same as the east/west scaleis the same as the east/west scale– Angles are preserved at all locations, but scale is Angles are preserved at all locations, but scale is

distorted. Size of geographical objects is distorted.distorted. Size of geographical objects is distorted.• More problematic the further you get away More problematic the further you get away

from the equator.from the equator.– Greenland shown the same size as Africa; Africa is Greenland shown the same size as Africa; Africa is

11 times larger than Greenland11 times larger than Greenland

Mollweide Projection•Useful for general reference

Mollweide Projection•Equal-Area Projection•Sizes of landmasses are correct;

shape and direction are distorted•Used for general reference for

proportion of landmasses

Robinson ProjectionRobinson Projection• Robinson ProjectionRobinson Projection

– Use for general referenceUse for general reference

Robinson ProjectionRobinson Projection• Neither equal-area or conformal- is a Neither equal-area or conformal- is a

compromise between the two.compromise between the two.• Meridians curve gently, avoids Meridians curve gently, avoids

extremes but stretches the poles into extremes but stretches the poles into long lines instead of points.long lines instead of points.

• Distortion at the poles is severe, but Distortion at the poles is severe, but quickly declines to moderate levels quickly declines to moderate levels away from the polesaway from the poles

Drawing Maps•Page 6 of your Booklet•Draw a neighborhood map•Must have the following:

– Compass Rose– Scale– At least two of the main features of

maps we have discussed: Size, Direction, Shape, Distance, Area, etc.

Essential Question•Suppose you want to go canoeing.

What rivers/streams are safe for you? How do you know?

•Maybe you want to move to a new area. Which area is the most populated? Least populated? Has the most stores?

Topographic Maps•A topographic map is often defined

as a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground.

• In other words, a topographic map gives a detailed and accurate representation of the terrain-both natural and man-made.

Population Density Maps•Population density is a measurement

of population per unit area or unit volume. Will often see at as people per square mile.

•Population density maps show the population density in a particular geographic area.

Class website•Our class now has a website. Copy

the address and keep it in a safe place. You will find information about our class, weekly agendas, assignments, etc. The address is: http://buzzinhistory.weebly.com

Geographic Information Systems• A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a

information system which integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information to inform decision making.

• Basically, GIS takes geographic information of all types: topography, average rainfall, population density, etc., and puts it into a computer program that allows officials and decision-makers to make better informed decisions.

• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/science/technology-sci/gis_journey/

Global Positioning System (GPS)•GPS is a space based satellite

navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions anywhere on or near the earth where there is an obstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.

•http://videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/2191-how-gps-works-video.htm

Back page of your booklet•You may use maps and globes for

reference.•Draw as accurately as possible a map

of the Western Hemisphere, including all of North and South America.

•Use latitude and longitude (approximate-try to get it close)

•Color

Your Booklet:• Front Page: Picture/Design• Page 2: Vocabulary• Page 3: Illustrations (Compass Rose,

latitude, longitude)• Page 4: US map (paste in)• Page 5: Notes• Page 6: Neighborhood map• Page 7:• Page 8 (Back Cover): Map of western

hemisphere