unit 1 - object oriented programming / c++

8/6/2019 Unit 1 - Object Oriented Programming / C++

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Introduction To C++ Programming Language QF 002/1/1

UNIT 1

General Objective : To understand and recognize the fundamental

concept of C and C++ Programming.

Specific Objectives : At the end of the unit you should be able to:-

Describe the basic concept of the C and C++ programming

Identify the differences between C and C++ programming

Explain the evolution of C++ programming

Explain the structure of C++ programming

OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION TO

C++ PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE


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1.0 Introduction

INPUT

A program is a collection of instructions that

tell the computer what to do . A program iswritten in a programming language and is

converted into the computers machine language by software called assemblers, compilers andinterpreters.

noteMachine language - the native language of the computer

Sir.. What is a program?


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1.1 Introduction To C Programming

The C language was first developed in 1972 by Danny Ritchie at AT &

T Bell Labs. C is high level programming language and the most popular

general purpose programming language.

C is written as a series of functions that call each other for processing.

Even the body of the program is a function named main. The function is

very flexible, allowing programmers to choose from the standard library that

comes with the compiler to use third party functions from other C suppliers or

to develop their own.

High level programminglanguages are closer to our human language as

in figure 1.1 below.

Example: Progamming C

printf (C Language);

printf ( High-Level);

printf ( Programming );

10001110010001000

10000010000111000

11100100111001111

C language is high

level programming.

Example: English

The Machine Language

The High-Level Programming

The Human Language

Example: Binary code

Figure 1.1: An Example of the Language Spectrum


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The Advantages of the High-levelprogramming languages are:

Here is a simple C program example. Lets have a look.

The Output of the program is shown below.

Figure 1.3: Output from the sample of C Programming

/* Welcome To Simple C Programming */

#include

main()

{

printf ( I am the best, I am the best,

I am the best\n);

printf ( I never give

up,never,never,never\n);

printf ( I am a successful person);

return 0;

}

Figure 1.2: A Example of Simple C Programming

The program is easy to read

Readability.

The program is easy to maintain

Maintainability The program is easy to port around

on different computer platforms

Portability.


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1.2 Introduction To C++ Programming

An object-oriented version of C created by B jarne Stroudtrup. C++

has become popular because it combines traditional C Programming with

OOPcapability. Most C++ compilers doesn't care what extension you give to

your source code, but if you don't specify otherwise, many will use .CPP by

default.

Figure 1.4 shows a simple C++ Program. Lets have a look at the first

C++ program.

The Output of the program is shown below.

// Welcome To Simple C++ Programming

#include

main()

{

cout


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Test your comprehension before continuing the next input.

Check your answers on the next page.

1.1 Explain what is C programming?

1.2 Write simple sentences using C programming to display the output

as given below:-

i.

ii.

iii.

Activity 1a

Y Y Y

/ \

/ \/ \

G O O D

I U I

\ MM /

\ /

\ /

\ /

\ /

PPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPP

PPPP PPPP

PPPP PPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPP

PPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPP

HH HH

HH HH

HHHHHH

HH HH

HH HH

A

AAA

AA AA

AAAAAA

AA AA

III

III

III

III

III


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1.3 Write simple sentences using C++ programming to display the

output as given below:-

i.

ii.

iii.

Y Y Y/ \

/ \

/ \

G O O D

I U I

\ MM /

\ /\ /

\ /\ /

PPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPP PPPP

PPPP PPPP

PPPP PPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPP

PPPP

PPPPPPPP

PPPP

HH HH

HH HH

HHHHHH

HH HH

HH HH

A

AAA

AA AA

AAAAAA

AA AA

III

III

III

III

III


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Make sure you have tried to answer all the questions given.you can check your

answers with the answers below.

1.1 C is the most popular general purpose and a High-Level

programming language. C language is closer to our human language.

1.2

i.

#include

main ()

{

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n); printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);return 0;

}

Feedback 1a

Y Y Y

/ \

/ \/ \

G O O DI U I

\ MM /

\ /\ /\ /

\ /


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ii.

#include

main ()

{





printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

return 0;}

iii.

#include

main ()

{

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);

printf ( \n);


return 0;}

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPP PPPPPPPP PPPP

PPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPP

PPPP

PPPP

PPPP

HH HH

HH HH

HHHHHH

HH HHHH HH

A

AAA

AA AA

AAAAAAAA AA

III

III

III

III

III


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1.3

i.

#include

main ()

{

cout


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ii.

#include

main ()

{cout


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1.5 Differences Between Structured Programming And Object

Oriented Programming

1.5.1 Structured Program

The structured program is viewed as a series of tasks to be done ,

such as reading data, processing data and generating report or output.

The main program fragmented into smaller functions which are then

arranged in a hierarchical structure.

Main Program

Function_a1 Function_a2

Function_b1

Function_c1 Function_b1

Figure 1.6: Typical structure of a Structured Program

noteHierarchical structure is one to many relationship; each item having

one or more items below it


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i) The main characteristics of structured program

1.5.2 Object Oriented Program (OOP)

Object oriented Program approach and treats data is a critical

element in the development of a system. It does not allow data to move

freely through the system. Instead, it binds the data to the functions that

are needed to manipulate them. This is to protect the data from

accidental modifications by ex

ternal functions to an object.I

n Object-oriented Programming (OOP), problems are decomposed into a

number of entities called objects. All the data are to build function

around these objects.

It decomposes a large program into smaller functions.

It employs top-down approach

Most of the functions share global data.

The functions pass the data around the system openly.

Its emphasizes on algorithms

The functionstransform the data from one form to another.


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ii) Basic OOP concepts

Object

Class

Polymorphis

Inheritance

Message

Encapsulation

Abstraction

A class is a group of objects that have

similar properties (data andbehaviors).

An object is an instance of a class. After user

created the objects, user can insert, modify or deletethe ob ects

Communicating between objects,

similar to a function call in traditionalprogramming.

Abstraction is oneof the basicprinciples of object-

oriented designwhich allows for

creating user-defined data types

known as objects.

The ability of one

class of objects toinherit propertiesfrom a higher class.

The ability of a generalized request

(message) to produce different resultsbased on the object that it is sent to.

Making the data and processingwithin the object private, which

allow the internal implementation ofthe object to be modified without

requiring any change to theapplication that uses it.


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Test your comprehension before continuing the next input.

Check your answers on the next page.

1.4 List the differences between C and C++ in the blanks provided below.

Items C C++

Header file

Input function

Output Function

Comment

1.5 Give the main characteristics of structured program.

Activity 1b


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Make sure you have tried to answer all the questions given.You can check

your answers with the answers below.

1.4

Items C C++

Header file #include #include

Input function scanf() cin>>

Output

Function

printf() Cout


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A program is a collection of instructions that tell the computer

what to do.

C and C++ programming are the high level programming language

that closer to human language.

The Advantages of the High-levelprogramming languages are

readability, maintainability and portability.

OOP it is an evolutionary form of modular programming which

has more formal rules that allow pieces of software to be reused

and interchanged between programs

The difference between C and C++ are as in shown below:

Items C C++

Header file #include #include

Input function scanf() cin>>

Output Function printf() Cout


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You are approaching success, please answer the questions below. If you have

any problems, please discuss it with your lecturer. Wish you good luck and all

the best.

Question 1 1

a. Write simple sentences using C programming to display the output as

given below:-

i. A program is a collection of instructions

ii. An object-oriented version of C created by Bjarne Stroudtrup

iii. Pokok Apakah Yang Berani?

iv. Apa Yang Anda Jumpa Di Tengah Malam?

b. Write simple sentences using C++ programming to display the output

as given below:-





Question 1 2

a. Give the main characteristics of object oriented program.

b. List the differences between structured programming and object

oriented programming.

Self-Assessment


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Make sure you have tried to answer all the questions given. You can check

your answers with the answers below.

Answers 1 1

a.

i.A program is a collection of instructions

ii. Anobject-oriented version of C created by Bjarne Stroud trup



Feedback On Self-Assessment

#include

main()

{printf ( Aprogram is a collection of instructions \n);

return 0;}

#include

main()

{printf ( Anobject-oriented version of C created by Bjarne

Stroudtrup \n);

return 0;}

#include

main()

{printf ( sebut Pokok Apakah Yang Berani?? \n);

return 0;}

#include

main()

{printf ( Apa YangAnda Jumpa Di Tengah Malam? \n);

return 0;}


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b.





#include main()

{cout


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Answers 1 2

a.

i. Emphasis is on data rather than functions.

ii. A program consists of a set of objectsiii. Each object has its own data and functions.

iv. An objects data is hidden from external functions.

v. Functions that operate on objects are tied to each data structure.

vi. Objects communicate with one another through functions.

vii. New data and functions can be added easily whenever necessary.

viii. Follows bottom-up approach

b. List the differences between structured programming and object

oriented programming.

Structured programming Object Oriented Programming

Top-down approach Bottom-up approach

Functions share global data. Consist of a set of objects

Emphasis is on functions Emphasis is on data

Emphasis is on algorithms Emphasis is on objects

CONGRATULATIONSMay success be with you

always..

unit 1 - object oriented programming / c++

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