unit 1: psychology’s history and approaches. psychology’s roots prescientific psychology ancient...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 1:Psychology’s History and
Approaches
Psychology’s Roots
Prescientific Psychology
• Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
• Rene Descartes
• Francis Bacon
• John Locke–Tabula Rasa (blank slate)
• Empiricism
Psychology’s Roots
Psychological Science is Born
• Wilhelm Wundt (1879)–University of Leipzig
–Reaction time experiment
• G. Stanley Hall
Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Structure
• Edward Titchener–Structuralism
• introspection
Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Function
• William James–Functionalism
Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Function
• Mary Calkins
• Margaret Floy Washburn
• Experimental psychology
Psychological Science Develops
• Sigmund Freud
Psychological Science Develops
• Behaviorism–John B. Watson
• Rosalie Raynor
Psychological Science Develops
• Behaviorism–B.F. Skinner
–“study of observable behavior”
–conditioning
Psychological Science Develops
• Humanistic psychology–Carl Rogers
–Abraham Maslow
• Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychological Science Develops
• Psychology–Science
–Behavior
–Mental processes
Psychology’s Biggest Question
• Nature – Nurture Issue–Biology versus experience
–History• Greeks
• Rene Descartes
• Charles Darwin–Natural selection
Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis
• Levels of Analysis–Biological
–Psychological
–Social-cultural
• Biopsychosocial Approach
Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis
Psychological Approaches/Perspectives
• Behavioral perspective• Biological perspective• Cognitive perspective• Evolutionary perspective• Humanistic perspective• Psychodynamic perspective• Social-cultural perspective
Psychology’s Subfields• Psychometrics
• Basic Research–Biological psychologists–Developmental psychologists–Cognitive psychologists–Educational psychologists–Personality psychologists–Social psychologists
Psychology’s Subfields
• Applied Research–Industrial/organizational psychologists–Human factors psychologists–Counseling psychologists–Clinical psychologists–Psychiatrists–Positive psychology–Community psychologists
Basic Research Subfields
• Cognitive psychologists
• Developmental psychologists
• Educational psychologists
• Experimental psychologists
• Psychometric and Quantitative Psychologists
• Social psychologists
Applied Research Subfields
• Forensic psychologists• Health psychologists• Industrial/organizational (I/O)
psychologists• Neuropsychologists• Rehabilitation psychologists• School psychologists• Sport psychologists
The Helping Professions
• Clinical psychologists• Community psychologists• Counseling psychologists