unit 1 the basics of geography. chapter 2, section 1 the earth inside and out
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1
The BasicsOf Geography
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Chapter 2, Section 1
The EarthInside and Out
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Objectives
Describe the solar system and the Earth’s location in it
Describe the Earth’s structure and the forces that created it
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Th
e M
ilky W
ay 100 – 400
Billion Stars
50 Billion Planets
The Milky Way is one of 200 Billion galaxies in the observable universe(roughly 93 billion light years)
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The Solar System
Our solar system consists of: The Sun 8 Planets Planetary Moons Comets Asteroids Dwarf Planets
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The Sun
The Sun is a medium sized star on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy.
109 times the size of the Earth
Accounts for 99.86% of the mass in the Solar System
It takes 8 minutes and 19 seconds for light from the Sun to reach the Earth
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Planet
Definition*
a body that orbits the Sun, is large enough for its own gravity to make it round, and has "cleared its neighborhood" of smaller objects
* this definition only applies in our Solar System
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The Eight Planets
Terrestrial Planets – primarily composed of rock and metal Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Gas Giants – solid core surrounded by gases such as hydrogen and helium Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
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PLANETS Distance from the Sun
Mass* Number of Satellites
Rotation Period*
Orbital Period*
Mercury 36 M
Venus 67.2 M
Earth 93 M 1 24 Hours 365 Days
Mars 141.6 M
Jupiter 483.6 M
Saturn 886.7 M
Uranus 1784 M
Neptune 2794.4 M
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Comparison of the Planets and Stars
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Comets and Asteroids
Comets – spheres covered with _____ and ________
Asteroid – large chunks of ______ material
Comets have a visible coma while asteroids do not
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Dwarf Planets
Fits two of the three criterion to be a planet
Term was adopted in 2006
5 known dwarf planets
Pluto is the most well known dwarf planet
Eris is the largest recognized dwarf planet
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Critical Thinking
1) Why is Pluto considered a Dwarf Planet?
2) Is it possible that there is life on other planets outside our solar system?
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Critical Thinking
1) Why is Pluto considered a Dwarf Planet?
2) Is it possible that there is life on other planets outside our solar system?
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Structure of the EarthInside the EarthCore – center of the
Earth; made up of iron and nickel
Mantle – rock layer between the core and the crust
Several layers Most of the Earth’s mass
Crust – thin layer of rock at the Earth’s surface
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On and Above the Earth
Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the Earth protects Earth from radiation and space debris medium for weather and climate
Lithosphere – solid rock portion of the Earth's surface includes the upper mantle and crust forms the sea floor under water
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On and Above the Earth
Asthenosphere – layer of hot but mostly solid rock below the lithosphere
Hydrosphere – all of the water elements on the Earth
Oceans, seas, rivers, lake, etc All the water in the atmosphere
Biosphere - atmosphere + lithosphere + hydrosphere Part of the Earth where plants and
animals live
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Geographic Thinking
How do the Earth’s spheres influence one another?