unit 10 classification
DESCRIPTION
Classification and TaxonomyTRANSCRIPT
Bellringer: Monday, March 17, 2014
What is the name of this animal?
a. Puma
b. Cougar
c. Mountain lion
d. Panther
All of the above…these are
common names for the same
animal.
Objective
• We will define and recognize the importance of taxonomy
Anticipatory Set
What is the impact of having misleading names?
Anticipatory Set
To avoid confusion caused by regional names, biologists use a
classification system to group organisms in an organized and
logical manner and to assign names.
What is taxonomy?
•It’s the science of naming and classifying organisms.
What is Classification?
It’s the grouping of objects or information on the basis
of similarities.
The classification system:• Domain Dear
• Kingdom King
• Phylum Philip
• Class came
• Order over
• Family from
• Genus Great
• Species Spain
Hierarchical Classification
• Taxonomic categories• Kingdom includes all the
phyla
• Phylum includes all the classes
• Class includes all the orders
• Order includes all the families
• Family includes all the genera
• Genus includes all the species
• Species
Each level is
called a taxon
Human Classification• Domain Eukarya• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum Chordata• Class Mammalia• Order Primates• Family Hominidae• Genus Homo• Species sapiens
Work with your partner to create your own pneumonic for remembering the levels of classification:
• D
• K
• P
• C
• O
• F
• G
• S
Carl Linnaeus
• a.k.a. Father of Taxonomy
• Linnaeus developed the two-word naming system…binomial nomenclature.
Binomial Nomenclature
•Two-word naming system (scientific name)• Bi means 2/nomial means name
•Written in Latin•1st word represents Genus
• Written capitalized, underlined or Italicized•2nd word represents Species
• Written lower Case, underlined or Italicized
Venus mercenary(genus)
clam
Lower caseCapitalized
(species)
dogMountain lionfox
wolf
What are some ways these
animals are similar and what are
some ways they are different?
All belong to the same Kingdom: Animalia
Same phylum: Chordata
Same class: Mammalia
Same order: Carnivora
Dog, wolf, fox all belong to the same family: Canidae
Dog and wolf belong to same genus: Canis
Dog and wolf are different species
Dogs of different “breeds” all belong to the same species
Canis familiaris; therefore all can mate and produce fertile offspring.
According to the table, at what level does the domestic cat diverge from the ferret? (diverge means break away from)
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
furo catus
Ferret Domestic cat
How many levels of classification do all three animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
furo catus
Ferret Domestic cat
Mustela africana is closely related to which of the following mammals?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
furo catus
Ferret Domestic cat
The most general group that an organism can belong to is its —A genusB classC familyD kingdom
Binomial Nomenclature
•Practice using binomial nomenclature by writing your first and last name correctly.
•Also, write the first and last name of 2 friends in class correctly.
Binomial Nomenclature
• Trade with the person next to you
• Grade their samples of their binomial nomenclature
• Provide feedback if they need more work
The classification of shoes• Create a flow map to categorize shoes
shoes
boots
heelsathletic
flats
sandals
basketball runningcleats
pointy
rounded
Flip flops
slides
stilettowedge
Knee high
calf
Independent Practice
• Complete the worksheet provided. You have 10 minutes
Product
What would happen if there was not a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
Explain your answer in complete sentences.
Bellringer: Tuesday, March 18, 2014
Which of the following is
the correct scientific
name of this organism?
a.equus caballus
b.Black stallion
c.Equus caballus
d.horse
Bacteria
Bacteria
Objective
• We will identify and compare the characteristics of Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Domains and Kingdoms
BacteriaArchaea Eukarya
BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system
Vocabulary
1. Multicellular – many cells
2. Unicellular – one cell
3. Prokaryote- no nucleus
4. Eukaryote- has a nucleus
5. Autotroph – makes its own food
6. Heterotroph – consumes (takes in) food
7. Sexual – male and female make a different offspring
8. Asexual – not sexual, identical copy
9. Decomposer- breaks down dead stuff
10. Chitin- in cell wall of fungi
11. Motile - moves
12. Sessile – doesn’t move
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• The OLD bacteria
• Live in extreme habitats
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Heterotrophic and chemotrophic
• Asexual
Examples of Archaebacteria:
1. methanogens-produce methane: found in intestines and sewage plants
2. halophiles-love and live and salt
3. thermophiles-love and live in extreme temperatures
Kingdom Archaebacteria• Archaebacteria can live deep
in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers
• There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis
Kingdom Eubacteria
• The NEW bacteria
• Live in a wide variety of habitats, including other organisms
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemotrophic
• Asexual
Examples of Eubacteria:
1. cyanobacteria-blue/green bacteria that chloroplasts evolved from
2. good bacteria-probiotics
3. bad bacteria-strep, staph, chlamydia
Guided practice- create a booklet
• Number each page at the bottom right corner (front and back)
• Create a cover for your 6 kingdoms booklet (pg 1)
• On page 2 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Archaebacteria” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles• Describe this kingdom in your own words
• On page 3 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Eubacteria” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Cyanobacteria, good bacteria, bad bacteria• Describe this kingdom in your own words
Product
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the kingdoms archaebacteria and eubacteria
Bellringer: Wednesday, March 19, 2014
Explain the similarities and differences between the kingdoms
archaebacteria and eubacteria
Objective
• We will identify and compare the characteristics of Kingdoms Protista and Fungi
Protists and Fungi
Protists and Fungi
Domains and Kingdoms
BacteriaArchaea Eukarya
BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system
Kingdom Protista
• The “leftover” group
• Similar to bacteria but are very complex
• Eukaryotic
• Mostly unicellular
• Autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Asexual
Examples of Protists:
1. ameobas (animal like): use psuedoposdia “fake feet” for movement. All aquatic
2. algae (plant like): the green stuff
3. slime molds (fungi like):
4. euglena (bacteria-like): use flagella and have an “eye”
Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryotic
• Most are multicellular
• Heterotrophic (decomposers)
• Cell walls made of chitin
• Do NOT move. Live on or in their food.
• Nutrients absorbed after extracellular digestion
• Asexual• spores
Examples of Fungi:
mildew
Bread mold
Shelf or bracket fungi
YEASTMushrooms
Mildew
Ringworm
Athlete’s foot
Guided practice- create a booklet
• On page 4 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Protista” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this
kingdom• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Euglena, amoeba, slime molds, algae
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
• On page 5 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Fungi” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this
kingdom• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Mushroom, yeast, mildew
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
Product
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the kingdoms Protista and Fungi
Bellringer: Thursday, March 20, 2014
Explain the similarities and differences between the
kingdoms Protista and Fungi
Objective
• We will identify and compare the characteristics of Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia
Plants and Animals
Domains and Kingdoms
BacteriaArchaea Eukarya
BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system
Kingdom Plantae
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Cell wall
• Sexual
Examples of Plants:
Kingdom PlantaeALL PLANTS –mosses, ferns, gymnospsssserms, Angiosperms
Kingdom Animalia
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• No cell walls
• sexual
Examples of Animalia: 9 phyla
1. porifera (sponges)2. cnidaria (jellyfish)3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)4. nematoda (roundworms)5. annelida (segmented worms)6. arthropoda (insects and crustaceans)7. Mollusca (shell fish and octopus)8. Echinodermata (star fish)9. chordata (fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals US!)
Kingdom Animalia
Coral snake
Sponge
Flatworm
Octopus
Jellyfish
Bear
Worms, sponges, sea urchins,Invertebrates, vertebrates
What should go in the two unknown boxes? Explain why your answer is the best.
Guided practice- create a booklet
• On page 6 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Plantae” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
• On page 7 do the following:• Write “Kingdom Animalia” at the top• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example• Porifera, cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, Mollusca,Echinodermata, arthropoda, chordata
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
Product
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia
Bellringer: Friday, March 21, 2014
The organisms below are in the kingdom Animalia because --
A. they are all prokaryotic.
B. they all have a cell wall.
C. they are all unicellular.
D. they are all heterotrophs.
Use complete sentences to explain your answer
Candy classification1A. CANDY IS CHEWY…………………………………………… go to 21B. CANDY IS HARD……………………………………………… go to 7
2A. CANDY IS WRAPPED………………………………………… go to 32B. CANDY IS NOT WRAPPED………………………………….. Ursa gummus
3A. CANDY IS ROUNDED………………………………………… go to 43B. CANDY IS NOT ROUNDED………………………………….. go to 5
4A. WRAPPER IS ALL WHITE……………………………………Saltus taffinia4B. WRAPPER IS NOT WHITE…………………………………… go to 5
5A. WRAPPER IS BROWN AND WHITE…………………………Tutus rollus5B. WRAPPER IS NOT BROWN AND WHITE………………….. Go to 6
6A. WRAPPER IS SILVER………………………………………….Chocolatus cyssan6B. WRAPPER VARIES IN COLOR………………………………Steorra explodus
7A. CANDY IS SPHERICAL(ball shaped)…………………………. go to 87B. CANDY IS NOT SPHERICAL………………………………….. go to 9
8A. CANDY IS WRAPPED…………………………………………… go to 118B. CANDY IS UNWRAPPED……………………………………….. Sweetus tartus
9A. WRAPPER IS TRANSPARENT(see through)…………………… go to 109B. WRAPPER TELLS THE FLAVOR………………………………. Joyous rancheria
10A. WRAPPER IS CLEAR…………………………………………….Mintus stripus10B. WRAPPER IS YELLOW………………………………………….Ranunculus scotchus
11A. CANDY IS ON A STICK…………………………………………. Moronus moronus11B. CANDY IS NOT ON A STICK……………………………………Sperus combustus
Objective
• We will categorize organisms using a dichotomous key
What is a dichotomous key
• It is a tool used to determine the identity of an organism
• Usually asks yes or no questions
How do you use a Dichotomous Key
• Always gives you two choices
• Examine your organism and determine which of the 2 choices it fits the best
• Follow the steps
• Keep classifying until you get to the genus and species of the organism
Guided practiceStation 1: Kingdom Archae
1. 2.
3. 4.
Station 2: Kingdom Bacteria
1. 2.
3. 4.
Station 3: Kingdom Protista
Station 4: Kingdom Fungi
Station 5: Kingdom Plantae
Station 6: Kingdom Animalia
Product
What phylum should this animal be classified under? Explain why your answer is correct.
Bellringer: Monday, March 24, 2014
Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs,
centipedes, and millipedes are examples of the many types of
arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related?
A. Arthropods of the same family
B. Arthropods of the same class
C. Arthropods of the same genus
D. Arthropods of the same species.
Use complete sentences to explain your answer.
The Kardashian Family Tree
Objective
• We will categorize organisms using cladograms and phylogenetic trees
What is a cladogram
• Shows similarities among species
What is a phylogenetic tree
• Shows evolutionary relationships
Where would these phones be placed on the cladogram?
Product
Bellringer: Tuesday, March 25, 2014
Objective
• We will take the classification unit exam.
Product
Why do scientists use a common classification system?