Unit 10Unit 10

Gender Differences

Main PointsⅠ. Leading InⅡ. Text AⅢ. Text B● Vocabulary PracticeⅣ. Practical Writing

Leading InLeading In

Who do you think are smarter—boys or girls? Who should do the cooking? Who should drive the truck? And why do you believe these things? When it comes to boys and girls, there are just so many questions about why we do the things we do !Maybe if we start form the beginning, when we’re born, we can try and solve this mystery once and for all!

It is quite clear that girls and boys have different likes and dislikes.

For example, little girls like playing with dolls and helping their mothers do housework while little boys like playing with toy cars and enjoy playing ball games. Have you ever noticed these differences?

Read the charts on Page165 of Text Book and discuss them with your partner and then check the choices in the appropriate blanks.

When you finish the checking, you’ll probably know more about the differences between boys and girls.

Let’s look at the pictures below and find out the differences and similarities between boys and girls

Oh! My God!Oh! My God!

-“What’s wrong with him?” -”I don’t know!”

-”Am I strong enough?” -”Oh, …Cool!”

“-La, la, la … I am handsome!”

“-La, la, la … we are beautiful & charming!”

What’s your opinion about gender differences?

Extra Information:Gender Differences

Gender Differences

To begin our study, take this quiz.  How do you feel about the differences between men and women?

Answer True or False to the following questions:

l. Females have fewer genetic defects and have greater endurance than men.

2. The front part of the brain is more developed in males than in females.

3. Males have a natural ability to handle mathematics better than females.

4. Males are more oriented toward achievement than females.

5. Women seem to have a special, natural ability to take care of children--some might call it a “maternal instinct”.

6. Only females experience monthly hormonal changes.

7. When it comes to choosing a mate, men and women look for the same characteristics.

8. If parents are extremely strict, the children will tend to develop more masculine traits.

Male and Female myths*

• Myth: Men have bigger brains and, thus, are smarter than females

•  fact: women’s heads are generally smaller than males, however, brain size is not related to intelligence.

• Myth: Males’ frontal lobe is better developed than females’ so males must be smarter.

•  fact: there is no difference in the development of male vs. female    frontal lobes.

• Myth: Male hormones keep men’s minds cool and “dry”, thus they have a clever “dry” wit.

• fact: male hormones have no effect on the "temperature" of their minds.

• Myth: Females should not be educated because it drains them of vital (reproductive?) fluids.

• fact: there is no connection between sex hormones and fluid levels of the brain.

Gender Differences Cartoons

Corporate ladders for men and women

“I love men in uniformity.”

Women's interest / Men's interest magazines

Small rain cloud, lady with an umbrella.

'Boyfriends doing the knowledge...'

'The following program may contain scenes of a sexual nature.'

------TRUE OR FALSE------------ • males are aggressive • females are nervous and timid • achievement is typically a male goal • females tend to fear success and view a focus on

career as being unfeminine • males tend to be more likely to explore novel env

ironments • women talk more than men • women touch each other when talking more tha

n men • men reveal more about themselves in conversati

on than women • men are superficial and focus on a woman’s loo

ks • women are materialistic and interested only in a

man’s income. • women have a natural ability to take care of chil

dren • “maternal” behavior is a matter of convenienc

e

Text AText AWhy do Girls and Why do Girls and

Boys Learn Boys Learn Differently?Differently?

ⅠⅠ.Pre-reading Activities.Pre-reading Activities Please look at the picture below carefully and point o

ut the differences between the boy and the girl. (This photo is taken outside a science museum)

ⅡⅡ.While Reading Activities.While Reading Activities

(Ⅰ) Read the text through, try to answer the questions on page 170.

(Ⅱ) Language Points1. do well/badly: advance or perform successfully or

unsuccessfully• I hope you’ll do better in the future.• The company always does badly at this time of

year.2. on (the) one hand…and on the other (hand):

(used for comparing different things or ideas) in one case…and in another case

• On the one hand, the income tax increases, but on the other, the salary remains the same.

• I know this job isn’t well paid. But on the other hand, I don’t have to work long hours.

3. by the time: when; not later than• By the time she came, the class was over. • By the time he got there, she had already left.

4. force: n.1) [U] natural or physical power

• A policeman must carefully weigh the force of each word that he uses.

• The force of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.

2) [U] fierce or violent use of strength• If you threaten me or use any force, I’ll call the

police.• In the movie, we can see that the men in black

protect the earth by force. v. make (an unwilling person or animal) do

something; drive• He forced me to do it.• You can give me some advice but you can’t

force me to do anything.

5. assume: vt.1) believe something to be true without actually havi

ng proof that it is; suppose• Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

2) Take or claim for oneself; begin to have or use• You will assume your new duties tomorrow.6. perform: vt.

1) do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), especially according to a usual or established method

• The doctor performed the operation successfully.2) Give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of

music, tricks, etc.), especially in the presence of the public

• What play will be performed tonight?

7. require: v.1) (rather formal) need or make necessary

• Even great musicians require continuous practice.

2) demand by right; give an order (for of to), with the expectation that it will be obeyed

• He requires that they should work all night.8. limit: v. keep within a certain size, amount, number,

area, or place; restrict• I must limit my spending. n. [C] the greatest or smallest amount or

number that is fixed as being correct, necessary, etc.

• We have to finish the task within the time limit.

be limited to: be restricted to • Every speech should be limited to 10 minutes. • Her traveling has been limited to a few French resorts.9. fear: n. [C; U] an unpleasant an usually strong feeling caused

by the presence or expectation of danger• The boys and girls helped put out the fire without fear. v. be afraid of • At the time, women feared go9ing out at night. for fear of sth./doing sth.; for fear that…: in case; to avoi

d the danger of something happening; lest• Shout the window for fear of rain.• We spoke in whispers of fear of waking the baby.• Or: We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake t

he baby.

10. room: n.1) [U] the chance to do something

• Children need to have room to develop their natural creativity.

2) [U] space that could be filled, or that is enough for the stated purpose

• There is plenty of room for improvement in his work.

ⅢⅢ.After-reading Activities .After-reading Activities (Homework)(Homework)

1. Write a short composition comparing boys and girls. And, to be aware, in your compositions, of both differences and similarities between boys and girls.

2. Please read Text B after class and prepare more information about gender differences in communication.

Text B

Different Ways of Talking

Here are gender differences in language use:

Language Points:1. pregnant: adj. (of a woman or female animal) having an

unborn child or unborn young in the body The center gives advice and care to pregnant women. She has been pregnant for 5 months.

2. jump rope: (skip rope, BrE) jump over a rope repeatedly as a game or exercise

Jumping rope is a favorite game for girls, while playing football attracts most of the boys.

The little girls are jumping rope cheerfully.

3. reflect: vt.1) make clear; be a sign of; show

His behavior reflects his lazy attitude to work.2) Throw back (heat, light, sound, etc.)

The willow trees are reflected in the lake. The mirror reflected his angry face.4. compete: v. try to win something in competition with som

eone else compete with… for…: try to be better or more successful

than someone else to gain something He is good enough to compete with professional player

s for the medal. Mike’s company is competing with mine for the market

share.

5. thus: adv.1) (formal) with this result, hence

This device can filter water, thus making water purer and fit for drinking.

2) (formal) in this manner; in the way stated Please lend me your bike. Thus, I can get there in

time.6. command: n. 1) [C; U] an order; control You must fire on my command. 2) (singular) the ability to control and use He has a good command of the French language. v. formally order, or be in a position of control (over),

especially as a military leader The officer commanded his men to shoot.

7. depend on: be supported by, especially with money Mary did not want to depend totally on her parents for

tuition. In a sense what job you will get depends on what

education you have.8. share: v. 1) have, use, pay, or take part in (something) with

others or among a group Mary shared a room with 2) divide and give out in shares His property was shared between his children. n. (singular) the part belonging to, owed to, or done by

a particular person Let me pay a share of the taxi fare with you.

9. prove: v.1) show to be true by means of facts, information, etc.

There is not any solid proof that can prove the defendant guilty.

2) (linking verb) show (oneself or itself) afterwards to be He helped me out and proved to be my best friend.10. concern: vt.

1) worry or interest (especially oneself) There’s no need to concern you with this mater; we are

dealing with it. 2) Be about

Almost all of his novels concern country life. n. [C;U] worry; anxiety Protection of the environment has become a major conc

ern of society.

be concerned with: 1) be interested in; give attention to I’m not concerned with the program at all. 2) be about; cover This novel is concerned with a Chinese family in the 19

th century.11. taste: n. 1) [C; U] a personal liking for something His taste in films is not very dependable. 2) (singular) the sensation that is produced by a food or

a drink when you put it in your mouth This cake has very little taste. vt. Test the taste of (food or drink) by taking a little into

your mouth I always taste food before adding salt.

12. stage: n.1) [C] a time or state that something reaches as it grows

or develops The company is at the stage of development.

2) [C] the raised floor in a theatre on which plays are performed; (usually the stage) plays as a form of entertainment

To everyone’s amusement, the actor fell off the stage.13. communicate with…: share or exchange feelings,

information, etc. with His is a shy boy who can’t communicate with others

very well. To communicate with native speakers is often a good

way to learn a foreign language well.

Vocabulary Practice

Ex. Ⅰ Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given.

1. These (find) _____ suggest that there is a link between lung cancer and smoking.

2. Usually, too, baby girls talk at an (early) ____ age than boys do.

3. I felt (physical) _____ sic before the exam.4. He made a (force) _____ speech at the meeting.5. Two (independence) _____ research bodies reached the

same conclusions.6. Please don’t talk during the (perform) _____.7. She was among the (leader) _____ of the race from the

start.8. Who will take over the (leader) of the club?9. We were ______ (disappoint) when we heard that you

couldn’t come.10. Mother will need (addition) ____ help while there are so

many guests.

Ex. 2 Choose the best item to complete each of the following sentences.

1. Students are expected to ____ their classes regularly.A. present B. attend C. go D. follow2. I told my class that we should have an open _____ with the mat

ter.A. mind B. brain C. thought D. look3. They were both ______ in the South.A. risen B. grown C. raised D. brought4. They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain _____ faste

r in girls than in boys.A. depend B. become C. raise D. develop 5. They drove at a(n) ____ speed of 100 miles per hour.A. common B. average C. forceful D. special

6. Going away to college has made me much more ____.A. significant B. constant C. independent D. normal7. The situation _____ that he should be present at the meeting.A. required B. directed C. limited D. commanded8. Being tall gave him a(n) ______ over the other players.A. force B. ability C. solution D. advantage9. It is essential that Jones ______ prepared for emergency.A. is B. is being C. was D. be10. What he advises me to do is _____ I must keep on a diet.A. that B. why C. what D. how

Ⅳ Ⅳ Practical Practical WritingWriting

Ⅳ Ⅳ Practical Practical WritingWriting

Understanding & Writing Signs

It is very important and necessary for us to learn and understand the signs that are usually used in public places.

Let’s look at the following points about signs.

1. Signs form a requirement, a warning, or a reminder to people in general.

2. Signs should be short and concise ( 言简意赅 ), with a clear approach ( 立意明确 )that is easy-to-read at a glance ( 一目了然 ).

3. Signs can use words with all capital letters or only initial capital letters in the notional words ( 实词 ), without punctuation marks at the end of signs.

4. Often nouns, gerunds, and noun phrases are used in signs, and sometimes, long sentences can also be used (for example, the imperative sentences 祈使句 ).

5. Sometimes articles can be omitted.

Samples:1. Business Hours 营业时间2. Push 推3. Pull 拉4. Open 营业5. Closed 停业6. This Side Up 此面向上7. Buses Only 只准公共汽车通行8. Lost and found 失物招领处9. No Photos 请勿拍照10. No Honking 禁止鸣笛

11. Insert Here 此处插入12. Mechanical Help 车辆修理13. SOS 紧急求救14. Hands Wanted 招聘15. On Sale 削价出售16. Keep in Dark Place 避光保存17. Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手18. For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用19. Information 问讯处20.Protect Public Property 爱护公共财物

21. Ticket Office (or Booking Office) 售票处22. Occupied （厕所）有人23. Vacant （厕所）无人24. Admission Free 免费入场25. Save Food 节约粮食26. Save Energy 节约能源27. Dogs not Allowed 禁止携犬入内28. Keep Away Form Fire 切勿近火29. Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒置30.Luggage Depository 行李存放处

The End Good-bye