unit 10— human body chapter 39 endocrine & reproductive systems
TRANSCRIPT
Endocrine System• Ductless glands
– Add secretions that regulate & stimulate activities of other organs into bloodstream
• Non-steroid hormones (proteins)
• Steroid hormones (lipids)• Prostaglandins (non-
hormone fatty acids that affect near-by tissues
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid
TRH
TSH
Thyroxine
Endocrine glands
• Pituitary & hypothalamus– Hanging from a stalk at the
base of the brain– Regulates many other
endocrine glands• Thyroid & parathyroid
– In the neck below the larynx– Regulates the body’s
metabolism• Adrenal glands
– above kidneys– Helps body deal with stress
• Pancreas– maintains blood sugar levels
• Gonads (ovaries & testes)– Produce gametes and secrete
sex hormones
Male Reproductive
Organs
• Testes (male gonads) in outer pouch, scrotum…– regulate temp for
normal sperm development
• Epididymis (cups behind testes)– stores sperm while
they mature• Vas deferens (2 tubes)
carry sperm to urethra• Seminal vesicles(2),
Prostate (1), Cowper’s (2) glands that add fluids to sperm -> semen
• Urethra (within penis) carries semen out
Female Reproductive Organs
• Ovaries (female gonads)
– suspended below oviducts
• Fallopian tubes (oviducts) – carry egg to uterus
& fertilization
• Uterus (womb) , cervix (neck)– where fetus develops
• Vagina (birth canal)
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2 3
4
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Menstrual Cycle• Follicle stage (10 days) – development of ovum
within follicle of ovary; uterus lining builds
• Ovulation (1 day) – follicle ruptures, releasing
ovum• Corpus luteum stage (10 days)
– follicle dries up; uterus lining continues to build
• Menstruation (7 days) – new follicle starts; uterus
lining in shed… if egg isn’t fertilized
Development• Fertilization
– The joining of the egg and sperm nuclei
• Zygote formed,– then Cleavage
(division by mitosis)
Development
• Blastula – hollow ball of cells – implants in uterus
lining about 7-10 days after fertilization
• Gastrula – in-folding of “ball” – produces 3 germ
layers & the curved embryo shape
Development
• Embryo = up to 8 weeks:– Placenta = tissue
attached to uterus & embryo; where exchanges with Mom take place
– Umbilical cord = attaches embryo to placenta
• Fetus = 8 weeks to birth– human characteristics
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