UNIT 10: Road to the Civil War

• America expands from Sea to shining Sea

• Southerners want SLAVERY to be allowed everywhere;

• Northerners want slavery to stay in the South

• The Big Question:– Will the new land be open to SLAVERY?

SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES

• Most POPULAR SOLUTION:

• Popular Sovereignty: Letting states choose for

themselves whether or not they will be SLAVE or FREE

NORTH v. SOUTH:NORTH v. SOUTH:NORTH v. SOUTH:NORTH v. SOUTH:

ß 15 Free States = 15 Slave States15 Free States = 15 Slave States

ß California ready for statehood: California ready for statehood: 49er’s are free white men.49er’s are free white men.

ß South wants a Fugitive Slave Law South wants a Fugitive Slave Law to make sure runaway slaves are to make sure runaway slaves are returned to the SOUTHreturned to the SOUTH

ß 15 Free States = 15 Slave States15 Free States = 15 Slave States

ß California ready for statehood: California ready for statehood: 49er’s are free white men.49er’s are free white men.

ß South wants a Fugitive Slave Law South wants a Fugitive Slave Law to make sure runaway slaves are to make sure runaway slaves are returned to the SOUTHreturned to the SOUTH

Henry Clay: Compromise of 1850= Northern

Advantage

Henry Clay: Compromise of 1850= Northern

AdvantageCALIFORNIA = FREE STATE Popular

Sovereignty In Utah and New

Mexico

South gets a FUGITIVE

SLAVE LAW

SLAVERY WAS DISAPPEARINGIN THE NORTH

ABOLITIONISM WAS GROWING

Meanwhile Southern states become more dependent on slavesSlaves created the enormous wealth that made the South prosper

KING COTTON: Cotton production boomed and dominated the farming of the South. Slavery was a

closely defended PECULIAR INSTITUTION

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Harriett Beecher Stowe writes a book about the cruelties of slavery

• The Book is wildly popular (over 2 million copies sold)

• Southerner believe the NORTH IS OUT TO GET THEM!

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854

SOUTHERNERS LOVE THE KANSAS-

NEBRASKA ACT! WHY?

1. Kansas and Nebraska open to Popular

Sovereignty (potential slave states

2. Repeals the Missouri Compromise (no

slaves north of 36 30’)

RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS

WAR between pro-slavery

and anti-slavery settlers

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

KANSAS ERUPTS INTO A MINI-CIVIL WARPRO-SLAVERY settlers try to populate the state and

make it a slave stateABOLITIONIST settlers try to stop them

FIGHTING goes on for years at both sides refuse to surrender

Violence in the SenateViolence in the Senate

Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

South Carolina Congressman beat Senator Charles Sumner in the

Senate chamber with a cane after Sumner insulted Southerners

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857-SLAVE THAT LIVED IN FREE

TERRITORY

-SUED TO BE FREE

-SUPREME COURT REJECTS HIS CASE

1. HE IS NOT A CITIZENAND CANNOT SUE

2. SLAVES ARE PROPERTY

AND CAN BE TAKENANYWHERE

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

•Brown a radical abolitionistBrown a radical abolitionist

•He plans to rob the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to start He plans to rob the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to start a slave revolutiona slave revolution

•He FAILS and is hangedHe FAILS and is hanged

•Southerners believe NORTHERNERS support Southerners believe NORTHERNERS support BROWN!BROWN!

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

•Brown a radical abolitionistBrown a radical abolitionist

•He plans to rob the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to start He plans to rob the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to start a slave revolutiona slave revolution

•He FAILS and is hangedHe FAILS and is hanged

•Southerners believe NORTHERNERS support Southerners believe NORTHERNERS support BROWN!BROWN!

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

1860Presidential

Election

1860Presidential

Election

Abraham Lincoln

Republican

Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860

Republican Party Platform in 1860

ß Abraham Lincoln is the CANDIDATE

ß He is NOT AN ABOLITIONIST

ß HE DOES NOT WANT SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES

ß ABRAHAM LINCOLN PROMISES THE SOUTH HE WILL NOT TOUCH SLAVERY WHERE IT ALREADY EXISTS

ß Abraham Lincoln is the CANDIDATE

ß He is NOT AN ABOLITIONIST

ß HE DOES NOT WANT SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES

ß ABRAHAM LINCOLN PROMISES THE SOUTH HE WILL NOT TOUCH SLAVERY WHERE IT ALREADY EXISTS

ELECTION OF 1860

• ABRAHAM LINCOLN: REPUBLICAN• DEMOCRATIC PART SPLIT!!

– Northern Democrats– Southern Democrats

WHENEVER ONE POLITICAL PARTY SPLITS IT IS EASIER

FOR THE OTHER TO WIN

LINCOLN WINSNovember 1860

• Lincoln wins with less than 50% of the vote

• He does not get inaugurated until March of 1861

• Southern States vowed to leave the Union if Lincoln were elected

• They do!!!!!!!!!

Lincoln’s election (Nov 1860)Causes the Southern states

To SECEDE (LEAVE) the UNION

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861