unit 11: classification ch. 3 classification taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming &...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 11: Classification
Ch. 3 Classification
Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.
![Page 2: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why Things Are Classified?
• What does it mean to classify?–to group things based on similarities
• Examples of classifying in everyday life…
• Why are organisms classified?–easier to find
–show shared traits
–show relationships among living & extinct species
![Page 3: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Things Are Classified?• How are organisms classified?
– very broad characteristics very specific• based on evolutionary relationships
– A group of organisms is called a taxon.
• Tools used to classify organisms…– dichotomous keys
![Page 4: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• 1st classification system–Aristotle
• 2 groups–1. plants
» by type of stem
–2. animals» by environment
Early Classification
According to Aristotle, which of these 3 animals would be classified more closely?
![Page 5: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Carolus Linnaeus “Father of Modern Taxonomy”–2 main groups = kingdoms
• plants
• animals
–Also used:• genus
–similar species
• species–organisms w/ similar traits
Beginning of Modern Classification
![Page 6: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Linnaeus 1st to consistently use binomial nomenclature
– 2 name system• written: Genus species or Genus species
– Genus = 1st name, capitalized– species = 2nd name, lower case & descriptive
• Ex. Common name Genus & species– Humans Homo sapiens– White Oak tree Quercus alba– Red Oak tree Quercus rubra– Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus
Beginning of Modern Classification
![Page 7: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Why don’t we use common names?
1. two organisms can have same common name, but not sci. name
2. scientific names rarely change
3. scientific names are written in same language around the world
Beginning of Modern Classification
![Page 8: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• current system reflects relationships– based on evolutionary ancestry– can change in response to new data
• According to the phylogenetic tree on the right who are humans most closely related to?
How Scientists Classify Today
![Page 9: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• slightly different classification systems– 5 Kingdom system
• Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
– 6 Kingdom system• Monera split into Archaea (Archaebacteria) & (Eu)bacteria…
other 4 kindgoms remain same
– 3 Domain system• Archaea, (Eu)bacteria, Eukaryota (Eukarya)
– 4 kingdoms (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) grouped in Eukaryota
How Scientists Classify Today
![Page 10: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Where would Domain belong in this diagram?
![Page 11: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How Scientists Classify Today• When using the 5 or 6
Kingdom system– Kingdom
• largest, most inclusive
– species• smallest, least inclusive
![Page 12: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How Scientists Classify Today• When using the 3
Domain system– domain
• largest, most inclusive
– species• smallest, least inclusive
DomainEukaryota
Domain
![Page 13: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• What is a species?– Group of
organisms capable of mating with one another in nature to produce fertile offspring
How Scientists Classify Today
![Page 14: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Did Domain• King Kingdom• Phillip Phylum• Come Class• Over Order• For Family• Good Genus• Spaghetti? species
How Scientists Classify Today• A trick to help you remember all the major
classification groups…
King Phillip
This is really
GOOD!!! I’m so glad I
came!
![Page 15: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• What is the relationship among the levels?– more closely
related share more levels
– from Domain down, each level has a new set of criteria that must be shared
DOMAIN Eukaryota
How Scientists Classify Today
![Page 16: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Once an organism shares a more specific taxon (lower group) it MUST share the more unifying
taxa (higher groups)
How many levels of classification do we share with dolphins?
![Page 17: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Domain: ArchaeaKingdom: Monera• prokaryotic
• unicelluar
• feeding– heterotrophic or autotrophic
• other characteristics– older, less complex bacteria– live in extreme environments
• examples– bacteria:
• in salt lakes• at hydrothermal vents
![Page 18: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Staphylococcus
cyanobacteria
Domain: EubacteriaKingdom: Monera• prokaryotic
• unicelluar• feeding
– heterotrophic or autotrophic
• other characteristics– modern, more complex bacteria
• evolved from Archaea
– most common & very diverse– free-living or pathogenic
• examples– Staphylococcus– E. coli– cyanobacteria
![Page 19: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Domain: Eukaryota• All are eukaryotic
• 4 of the 5 kingdoms– 1. Protista– 2. Fungi– 3. Plantae– 4. Animalia
![Page 20: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Domain: Eukaryota1. Kingdom: Protista
• eukaryotic• mostly unicelluar• feeding
– heterotrophic or autotrophic
• other characteristics– can be plant-like, animal-
like, or fungus-like
• examples– Amoeba– Paramecium– Euglena– algae
Amoeba
Paramecium
Euglena
![Page 21: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• eukaryotic• multicelluar***• feeding
– heterotrophic• digest food outside & absorb nutrients
• other characteristics– cell walls made of chitin– decomposers & parasites
• examples– mushrooms– molds– yeast (*** unicellular)
Domain: Eukaryota2. Kingdom: Fungi
![Page 22: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• eukaryotic
• multicelluar
• feeding– autotrophic
• photosynthesis
• other characteristics– cell walls made of cellulose
– produce oxygen
• examples– mosses
– ferns
– grasses
– shrubs
– trees
Domain: Eukaryota3. Kingdom: Plantae
![Page 23: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• eukaryotic• multicelluar• feeding
– heterotrophic
• other characteristics– no cell wall
Domain: Eukaryota4. Kingdom: Animalia
• examples– invertebrates
• insects• worms• sponges• corals
– vertebrates• fish• birds• amphibians• reptiles• mammals
![Page 24: Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649f315503460f94c4bf53/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Links• http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/classification/preview.weml• http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm• http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/kingdoms.html• http://www.nclark.net/Classification