unit 11 pollution

85
Unit 11: Pollution APES

Upload: mojavehack

Post on 06-May-2015

211 views

Category:

Education


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Unit 11  Pollution

Unit 11: PollutionAPES

Page 2: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 3: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 4: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 5: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 6: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 7: Unit 11  Pollution

Primary & Secondary Air Pollutants

MARIBETH3•O2+hv --> 2•O3

Page 8: Unit 11  Pollution

Primary and Secondary Air

Pollutants

Primary and Secondary Air

Pollutants

Page 9: Unit 11  Pollution

What is the difference?

Primary air pollutants are emitted directly into the air from sources.

Secondary air pollutants are not directly emitted but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere.

Page 10: Unit 11  Pollution

Primary Air Pollutants

★ Carbon monoxide (car exhausts)★ Sulfur dioxide (combustion of coal)★ Nitrogen oxides★ Hydrocarbons ★ Particulate matter (both solid and liquid)

Page 11: Unit 11  Pollution

Secondary Air Pollutants

★ Ozone (formed when hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) combine in the presence of sunlight)

★ NO2 (formed as NO combines with oxygen in the air)

★ Acid rain (formed when sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides react with water)

Page 12: Unit 11  Pollution

Carbon monoxide (CO) (Primary)★ Odorless and Colorless★ Stops with the process of oxygen from being delivered

in blood to the body.★ It is produced as a result of incomplete burning of

carbon-containing fuels including coal, wood, charcoal, natural gas, and fuel oil.

★ Signs of too much CO inhaled are fatigue, headache, weakness, confusion, disorientation, nausea, and dizziness

★ Too much CO can cause death.

Page 13: Unit 11  Pollution

Ground level Ozone (O3) (Secondary)★ Toxic to both humans and vegetation★ Triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen

atoms.★ Hurts the respiratory of animal (humans too?)★ Ozone in the upper atmosphere protects living

organisms by preventing damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface.

Page 14: Unit 11  Pollution

Aerosols & Smog By: Jenny

Page 15: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 16: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 17: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 18: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 19: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 20: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 21: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 22: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 23: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 24: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 25: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 26: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 27: Unit 11  Pollution

Controlling Air Pollution & Stratospheric OzoneNicholas Cochrane

Page 28: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 29: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 30: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 31: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 32: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 33: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 34: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 35: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 36: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 37: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 38: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 39: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 40: Unit 11  Pollution

How to Make Your Keynote the Right Ratio for Doc’s

And TADA!

When Making a new keynote click “Slide Size”

Select 1920 x 1080

Make sure to click the zoom in the lower left and “select fit to window”

Page 41: Unit 11  Pollution

Air Pollution, GHGs, Climate Change & Major Laws and Treaties

Victoria Owen

Page 42: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 43: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 44: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 45: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 46: Unit 11  Pollution

5 Steps Pollution Michaela

http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/166/cache/article-pollution_16647_600x450.jpg

Page 47: Unit 11  Pollution

Air Pollution: SmogFormed in the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides and VOCs. Sources of VOCs:

● Combustion of fossil fuels.● Solid waste facilities.● Chemical solvent vapors (dry-cleaning)Unhealthy air. Effects: watering eyes, burning sinuses, increases in respiratory issues.

http://cdn.theatlanticcities.com/img/upload/2013/01/14/china%20smog%202013%20TV%20bldg.JPG

Page 48: Unit 11  Pollution

Air Pollution: Indoor Air and ActsSick Building Syndrome: Occurs in workplaces where bad air mixes with mold spores.

http://archive.oaklandlocal.com/sites/default/files/i/008_2.JPG

Clean Air Act: Opened the door for stricter regulation of polluting industries. Corporate Average Fuel Economy: reduces fuel consumption and emissions by setting fuel efficiency standards. Clean Air Interstate Rule: Set limits on particulate emissions from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Decrease of 70% by 2018.

Page 49: Unit 11  Pollution

Water

“Pure Water” only exists in laboratories. Natural water contains dissolved gases and salts.

Water must contain enough dissolved oxygen for fish to survive.

http://b-i.forbesimg.com/singularity/files/2013/04/water.jpg

Page 50: Unit 11  Pollution

Dissolved OxygenThe amount of oxygen measured in a lake or river.Oxygen enters water by atmospheric absorption or by aquatic plant and algal photosynthesis. Removed by respiration and decomposition. Dissolved oxygen levels depends on: ● Temperature of the water. ● Water flow volume and velocity.● Number of organisms using oxygen for respiration.

http://icons.wunderground.com/data/wximagenew/k/KSMc/457-800.jpg

Page 51: Unit 11  Pollution

Water PollutionWater pollution comes from the loss of ay real water uses, caused by a change in the water’s composition because of human activity. ● Groundwater contaminated

fertilizers, pesticides, and underground storage tanks.

● Runoff from contaminated areas.

● Oil spills.http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/deforestation-2.jpg

Page 52: Unit 11  Pollution

Oil SpillsOil drilling results in many oil spills which have hazardous impacts on ecosystems. Spills account for 10% of marine oil pollution.Another 50% comes from ongoing sources like leaks, dumping of offshore drilling mud, and land runoff.

http://www.safety4sea.com/images/media/2011.7.6-%20oil%20spill.jpg

Page 53: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 54: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 55: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 56: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 57: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 58: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 59: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 60: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 61: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 62: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 63: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 64: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 65: Unit 11  Pollution

Reducing GHGshttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/reducing-emissions.htm

Daniel MonsalveReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

Daniel Monsalve

Page 66: Unit 11  Pollution

Major GHGs

Carbon Dioxide

● The main greenhouse gas.

● Sources○ Burning of fossil

fuels to generate electricity.

○ Transportation.○ Industry.

Methane (CH4)

● The 2nd most common GHG.● Sources

○ Natural gas and petroleum manufacturing/mining.

○ Agriculture.○ Landfills.○ Wetlands are the largest natural

source of methane.

Page 67: Unit 11  Pollution

Major GHGs

Nitrous Oxide(N2O)

● 5% of US GHG emissions.● Sources

○ Agriculture and soil management is 69% of (N2O) emissions.

○ Industry○ Transportation.

F Gases

● Fluorinated gases such as (HFCs), (PFCs), (CFCs).

● Have no natural sources.● Sources

○ 84% of F gases emitted are used as a substitute for ozone depleting substances. Used for refrigeration, aerosols, and AC.

Page 68: Unit 11  Pollution

Reducing GHGs● Levels of GHGs in our atmosphere are increased not only by emissions but by

the modification or destruction of carbon sinks, deforestation for example.

600 × 431 - hispanicallyspeakingnews.com

● Limiting energy use, the burning of

fossil fuels, deforestation, and using

more clean energy can help reduce

GHG emissions.

Page 69: Unit 11  Pollution

What Can You Do?

● Use as little electricity as possible.

● limit transportation, use public transportation.

● Ride a bike, use energy efficient cars.

● Buy local produce, grow your own food.

● Use eco friendly products.

● Reduce heating and air conditioning.

● Spread the word and influence others.

Page 70: Unit 11  Pollution

Indoor Air Quality

Karis Heidebrecht

Page 71: Unit 11  Pollution

Pollution Indoors:

We usually think of air pollution as being outdoors, but the air inside of buildings is often times just as bad, if not worse, than the air quality outdoors.

Page 72: Unit 11  Pollution

Some Causes of Indoor Air Pollution:

● cleaning supplies● air fresheners and other sprays● wet or damp carpet● central heating and cooling systems● smoking● fireplaces● paint● pesticides

Page 73: Unit 11  Pollution

● Ventilation is very important for keeping pollutants out of buildings.

● If too little outdoor air enters a building, pollutants can rise to levels that can pose health and comfort problems.

Ventilation

Page 74: Unit 11  Pollution

Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Indoor Pollution:

Immediate effects:• short-term and treatable• irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, etc.

Long-term effects:• can be severely debilitating or fatal• includes some respiratory diseases, heart disease, and even cancer

Page 75: Unit 11  Pollution

Ozone Layer Protection

http://www.epa.gov/ozone/basicinfo.htmlEve Tovar

Page 76: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 78: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 79: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 80: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 81: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 82: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 83: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 84: Unit 11  Pollution
Page 85: Unit 11  Pollution