Unit 12Reconstruction

12.1Civil War Effects

Reconstruction Era 1865-1877

Period after Civil War

Issue: How South would be

admitted back into Union

Freedmans bureau Expanded education

purposes

Helped freed slaves food, clothing, and medical care

Asked for: “20 acres and mule”

Black Codes laws passed in the South

during Reconstruction to limit the opportunities for freedmans.

Made it Illegal to: Hold public office Travel freely Serve on juries

Compromise of 1877 The election of 1876 was

very close

Congress would decide who would win the election

In a deal with Southern states, Rutherford B Hayes promised to remove soldiers if they voted for him to win the election

12.2Reconstruction Legislation (LAWS)

Civil Rights Bill Guaranteed freedman’s

rights

AKA: 14th amendment

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Union established military rule over former Confederate states

Union troops helped register freedman to vote

Former Confederate leaders could not vote

Jim Crow Laws laws passed to bypass

laws created by the Radical Republicans(North)

Jim Crow laws functioned to keep black and white people separated:

Schools, marriage, voting

Examples: No colored person shall

serve as a barber [to] white women or girls.

Separate rooms [shall] be provided for the teaching of pupils of African descent

Homestead Act of 1862 Any citizen could occupy

160 acres of land

If the property were “improved” after 5 yrs the owner would be given the land

Attracted poor people and immigrants

1.4 million homestead sites were granted

Dawes Act Purpose was to protect the

Indian society

Each indian family was given 160 acres

The surplus was taken by the Gov’t

Tribal ownership disappeared

The Indian culture was greatly affected

Morril Act Each state was given

30,000 acres of land per congress member Ex: 30,000 x 20=600,000

State would sell land and use $ to fund public colleges Ex: A&M - Tech schools

12.3People During Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson Took over for Lincoln

after was assasinated

Followed Lincoln’s plan for leniency toward Southern states

Pardoned most rebel leaders

Was almost impeached He fired the security of

war which was unconstitutional

Rutherford B Hayes Became the 19th POTUS b/c

of the Compromise of 1877

Compromise states that in a POTUS election run-off (tie) Hayes would win if Federal troops were removed and Reconstruction ended

his victory ended Reconstruction

Carpetbaggers/Scalawags Scalawags:

Southerners who sided with the North

Carpetbaggers: Northerners who went

South

Sharecroppers Were given land, tools, livestock from plantation owners

Plantation owners took advantage of the uneducated farmers

(Credit Card example)

Were slaves to their loans

Created fake money

Made sharecroppers buy overpriced tools from them with fake money

Klu Klux Klan Secret society

Sought to destroy the Republican party in the South

Intimidated free African-americans and any race who helped them

Hiram Rhodes Revels US Senator

1st African American senator

Elected in 1870

Spoke out against racial segragation

Helped recruit African Americans during War