unit 13: prokaryotes read lab safety page 87 of lab book
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 13: Prokaryotes
Read Lab safety page 87 of lab book
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4 - Kingdoms
2-Domains
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DOMAIN“Eubacteria”
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Eschericia coli Monera -diagram
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DNA ejected from E. coli 1000 times length of cell. Cell treated with enzyme to weaken cell wall.
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Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission
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Bacterial flagella
flagellum
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Bacterial capsules
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Photosynthetic bacteria
photosynthetic bacteria
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Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria
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Bacteriophage and single strand of DNA
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Gene cloning by bacteria.
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Root Nodule
nodule
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Exercise 1: Bacterial types
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Exercise 1: Bacteria Types - rod shaped
individual cell in chain (not filamentous)
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Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spherical shaped
cluster of many cells
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Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spiral shaped
individual cell
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Exercise 2:Demonstration Slides
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Exercise 2 Demonstartion SlidesOn the Side table are several microscopes set up
to demonstrate the following bacteria:
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae – “Gonorrhoeae” Cocci, gram negative
2. Borrelia burgdorferi – “Lyme disease”3. Salmonella enteritidis - “Salmonella” gram
negative4. Treponema sp. - “Syphilis” 5. Bacterial flagella – special stain to show flagella
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Exercise 3: Living Cultures of
Eubacteria
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1. Obtain a dry microscope slide.2. Your instructor will dispense to you one of
the following living bacteria.
1. Bacillus megaterium2. Spirillium volutans
3. After observing place slide in the disinfectant container on table.
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Exercise 4: Extracellular Digestion
Compare the results of the extracellular digestion demonstration on the two different
Bacillus bacteria.
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Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar Bacillus subtilis
No iodine
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Iodine added
Starch Agar Bacillus subtilis
Extra cellular Digestion
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Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar Bacillus brevis
No iodine
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Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar Bacillus brevis
Iodine
B. brevis lack the enzyme to digest starch
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Exercise 5:Effect of Antibiotics on
Bacteria
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6. Bacteria cell wall
Bacteria cell wall:: upper gram positive-- cell wall consists of thick peptidoglycanlayers. Lower: Gram negative --- thickouter layer of lipoprotein andlipopolysaccharide; inner layer thin layer ofpeptidoglycan. Eukayotic cells do not have peptidoglycans--penicillin has no effect on them. Gram negative cells do not havecross links in the peptidoglycan layer andare not susceptible to penicillin. Gram “+” and “-”
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E. Coli Gram (-)
E. Coli Gram (-)
CIP
C
SSSS
AM
CB
E N
TEP
GM
CC
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Bacillus meg. Gram (+)
CIP
C
SSS
CC
E
NTE
P
SAM
CB
GM
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E. Coli (-) & Bacillus meg. (+)
ECC GM N P
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Bacillus megaterium (Gram +)
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E. Coli (Gram -)
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Bacillus megaterium E. coli
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Exercise 6:Living Cultures of
Cyanobacteria
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DOMAINEubacteria
“Blue-greens”Cyanobacteria
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Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus
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Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus
thermozonation = different species communitiesthermozonation = different species communities
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Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,
Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus
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Ocillatoria living cyanobacteria
individual cell in filament
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Anabaena
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See page 290 Fig 14-14 of Biology of Plants for explanation
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Gloeocapsa
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Lyngbyna
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Macrocystus
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Spiralina
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Spiralina
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DOMAIN“Archaea” Exercise 7 Archaea
1. Obtain prepared slide # 65a2. This slide has a mix of three Archaea
bacteria.1. Halobacteria salinarium – small rods.2. Methanomonas methylovara – larger
rods.3. Halococcus agglomeratus – coccus.
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An Universal evolutionary Tree as determined by comparing sequences of Ribosomal RNA
Biology of Plants: Fig 13-8 page 270
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Biology of Plants: Table 13-3 page 271
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Exercise 8 How Diseases Spread
Follow instructions on handout
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The EndWe hope you have enjoyed this
presentation on Bacteria life and you will come again next week to see the exciting
world of Fungi!!