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Unit 16 Friendship Text Explanation Slide 2 About the Author Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 1882) was an American essayist, philosopher, and poet, best remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid- 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid-1800s. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society Slide 3 Text Structure Section 1: Paragraph 1 Section 2: Paragraphs 2-3 Section 3: Paragraphs 4-5 Section 4: Paragraph 6 Slide 4 Text Analysis This text is an excerpt from Emersons essay Friendship which was written in 1841. In the essay we can find that the authors discussion on friendship is not confined to the relationship between friends, but rather extended to the emotions of benevolence and complacency which are felt towards others. Given this proposition, the author discusses the nature of human affection in general and provides his own perception about the importance of such affection in human life. Slide 5 Paragraph 1 We have a great deal more kindness than is ever spoken. Maugre all the selfishness that chills like east winds the world, the whole human family is bathed with an element of love like a fine ether. How many persons we meet in houses, whom we scarcely speak to, whom yet we honor, and who honor us! How many we see in the street, or sit with in church, whom, though silently, we warmly rejoice to be with! Read the language of these wandering eye-beams. The heart knoweth. Slide 6 maugre (prep) notwithstanding, in spite of But, maugre all hardships, they pursued their journey cheerily. , Nature says, he is my creature,and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. Slide 7 bathe v. 1. cleanse the entire body; 2. suffuse with or as if with light; 3. clean one's body by immersion into water After the match, I was bathed with sweat. . Her dust-caked face was bathed with a sweet, cool draft. Your eyes should be bathed with a special lotion. The room was bathed in sunlight Slide 8 ether (n.)1. a colorless volatile highly inflammable liquid formerly used as an inhalation anesthetic 2. the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies; 3. a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves 4. The clear sky Ethernet n. a type of networking technology for local area networks; coaxial cable carries radio frequency signals between computers at a rate of 10 megabits per second. Slide 9 honor(v.) 1. bestow honor or rewards upon; 2. show respect towards; 3. accept as pay November 11th is Veterans Day, when Americans honor those who served in the military.10 11 Do you honor this credit card? We urge the U.S. to maintain its good credit, to honor its promises and to guarantee the safety of Chinas assets. Slide 10 rejoice ( v.) 1. feel happiness or joy; 2. to express great joy; 3. be ecstatic with joy He often rejoices at other people's misfortunes. The fans rejoiced over the news of their team's victory. I rejoice to hear that you are all well. , Slide 11 Paragraph 2 The effect of the indulgence of this human affection is a certain cordial exhilaration. In poetry, and in common speech, the emotions of benevolence and complacency which are felt towards others are likened to the material effects of fire; so swift, or much more swift, more active, more cheering, are these fine inward irradiations. From the highest degree of passionate love, to the lowest degree of good-will, they make the sweetness of life. Slide 12 indulgence (n.) 1. an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires; 2. a disposition to yield to the wishes of someone; 3. the act of indulging or gratifying a desire Wine is his only indulgence. Indulgence in smoking can seriously harm your health. But I speak this by indulgence, not by commandment. Slide 13 indulge, indulgent indulge (v.) 1. give free rein to; 2. yield (to); give satisfaction to; 3. enjoy to excess; 4. treat with excessive indulgence Indulgent (adj.) 1. characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone; 2. tolerant or lenient; 3. being favorably inclined He indulges his son with plenty of pocket money. You are too indulgent with your child. Slide 14 cordial (adj.) 1. diffusing warmth and friendliness; 2. showing warm and heartfelt friendliness; 3. sincerely or intensely felt I would like to extend my cordial welcome to all of you. Your cordial letter reached me shortly before my departure from Japan. I'd like to express my heartfelt gratitude for your cordial invitation and gracious hospitality. Slide 15 exhilaration n. the feeling of lively and cheerful joy Accept challenges, so that you may feel the exhilaration of victory. My two cousins, full of exhilaration, were so eloquent in narrative and comment. As we went we became sensible of a wild and splendid exhilaration. Slide 16 hilarious adj. marked by or causing boisterous merriment or convulsive laughter The party got quite hilarious after they brought more wine. If it's going to yield a hilarious story, it's worth it. Be it with family or peers, picnics are always hilarious ! Slide 17 benevolence n. 1. disposition to do good; 2. an inclination to do kind or charitable acts; 3. an act intending or showing kindness and good will According to Confucius, benevolence is the essence of his teaching. Therefore, the man with " benevolence " must be a noble man. " " The idea of benevolence of Buddhism would lead to the result which denies ego and individual. Slide 18 beneficent adj. 1. doing or producing good; 2. generous in assistance to the poor Christians believe that this beneficent God is also an all- loving creator. This has weakened the social base of beneficent culture If your life is peaceful and the life of people under the sun is peaceful too, you are boundless beneficent. Slide 19 complacency n. the feeling you have when you are satisfied with yourself Complacency is the enemy of study. They need somebody to shake them up out of their complacency. The company has had a good year but we must guard against complacency. Slide 20 liken v. consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous And again He said, To what shall I liken the kingdom of God? Experts liken the city to a soup bowl.It is virtually surrounded by water. widen, sharpen, lengthen, broaden enlarge, envision, entrust, enable Slide 21 swift adj. moving very fast She took a swift bow and walked off stage The domestic electronic payment is assuming a swift growth. The race is not always to the swift but to those who keep on running. Slide 22 inward (adj.)1. relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts; 2. directed or moving inward or toward a center (adv).1. toward the center or interior; 2. to or toward the inside of In spite of all the intensity of her inward grief, the wound to her vanity aggravated her misery. I understand your inward thoughts. Slide 23 -ward outward (adj.)1. relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind;2. that is going out or leaving; (adv.)toward the outside onward (adj.)moving toward a position ahead(adv.)1. forward in time or order or degree; 2. in a forward direction wayward (adj.)resistant to guidance or discipline forward, backward Slide 24 irradiation n. 1. the condition of being exposed to radiation; 2. a column of light (as from a beacon); 3. (physiology) the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex; 4. the apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background; 5. (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance Do you know what is food irradiation technology? ? Investigations reveal that light irradiation will promot the biodegradability of the samples. Slide 25 Paragraph 3 Our intellectual and active powers increase with our affection. The scholar sits down to write, and all his years of meditation do not furnish him with one good thought or happy expression; but it is necessary to write a letter to a friend, --and, forthwith, troops of gentle thoughts invest themselves, on every hand, with chosen words. Slide 26 intellectual n. a person who uses the mind creatively adj. 1. of or relating to the intellect 2.of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind 3. appealing to or using the intellect 4. involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct The inner truth of mathematics is purely intellectual truth. The intellectual economy will have great influences on health management Slide 27 meditation n. 1. continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature; 2. (religion) contemplation of spiritual matters (usually on religious or philosophical subjects) Mind control of this sort is a meditation. Meditation can relieve stress -- for you and for your pet. -- Sleep is the best meditation. Slide 28 furnish v. 1. provide with; 2. provide or equip with furniture The house is well furnished. No. You know how much it can cost to furnish an apartment? The chief function of the carbohydrates is to furnish energy and maintain heat. Slide 29 forthwith adv. without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening; immediately These violations of the code must cease forthwith. So he put these traitors to death, and forthwith took the two towers. Admiralty forthwith deflected all our warships towards the more southerly route. Slide 30 invest v. 1. make an investment; 2. give qualities or abilities to; 3. furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors; 4. provide with power and authority; 5. place ceremoniously or formally in an office or position; 6. Besiege, to surround with troops or ships. The enemy invested the city and cut it off from our army. , Spring invests the trees with leaves. People who invest the future are the true realists. Slide 31 End of Unit 16 Part I To be continued