Unit 2

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Periodic Table, Elements, Atoms, Compounds

Chapter 3 – Sections 3.2-3.6, and p 111-113 (part of sect. 3.7)

Chapter 4

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Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Groups and Periods

On the periodic table,

• elements are arranged according to similar properties.

• groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns.

• periods are horizontal rows of elements.

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Organization: Groups and Periods

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Group Numbers

Group Numbers

• use the letter A for the main elements (1A to 8A) and the letter B for the transition elements.

• Or: use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.

Transition metals

Main group

Lanthanide series

Actinide series

Main group

6

7

Names of Groups

8

Alkali Metals

• Soft, shiny metals• Good conductors• Low melting points• React with water

Note: H is not an alkali metal, despite position on top.

http://www.periodicvideos.com/

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HalogensGroup 7A

• Includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine

• Highly reactive

• Form compounds with most of elements

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Look at the Periodic TableEach element belongs to a group and a period –location

in periodic table.Identify the element described by the following.

A. Group 7A(17), Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Group 2A(2), Period 3 1) beryllium 2) boron 3) magnesium

C. Group 5A(15), Period 2 1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen

H, C, N, O: 96% of body mass

Formation of bones, teethMuscle contractionMaintenance of heart, blood vessels

13

Describe function, symptoms and sources

14

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

H

15

Metals

• are shiny and ductile.

• are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Nonmetals

• are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.

• are good insulators.

Metalloids

• are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals.

• are used as semiconductors and insulators.

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

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Comparison of Properties

17

Identify each of the following elements as

1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium ____

B. chlorine ____

C. silicon ____

D. iron ____

E. carbon ____

F. hydrogen ____

Metal or nonmetal

18

Match the elements to the description.

A. Metals in Group 4A(14) 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15) 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb

C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14) 1) C, Si, Ge, 2) Si, Ge 3) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

Can you find….