During the renaissance_ a time period of learning a

book about India and Asia by Marco Polo was published. This book inspired the

Italian Sailor Columbus to search for a new route to Asia by traveling

West. M

he was in India . He referreded to

The King and Queen of _Spain sponsored his

voyage. After 30 days he landed in what is now the

Carribean mistakenly

thinking the Taino as " unsuspicious

and generous with what they posses."

Columbus named the Island _San Salvidor He made four voyages claiming parts of North and South America in the name of Spain still believing it was India. This triggered others to explore the Americas.

Native Americans gained some new trade networks but in many cases often died from _diseases_ such as small pox, were _enslaved_ by Europeans and converted to _Christianity__.

Due to the high mortality rate of enslaved Natives the Spanish imported _slaves_ from _Africa__ to the _Caribbean_ to mine _gold_ and raise _sugar_ cane.

Columbus discovery lead to

the transfer of people, plants, animals, and

diseases, called the Columbian

Exchange. Europeans gained many advantages such as _Corn Potatoes, Land, ________, and ________.

After Columbus, in 1519 Spain sent soldiers called _conquistadors_ to conquer the America's and find _gold_. _Cortez_ was the first to conquer a group called the _Aztec_ in the city Tenochtitlan in __Mexico__

Because he came with 500_soldiers_, metal _armor_, _horses_, and _guns and the deadly _small pox_ many mistook Cortez for a God. The Spanish were amazed the Aztec lived in a _floating_ city in a lake with high _temples_.

The _Spanish_ were offended by the Aztec's religious _rituals__. Aided by Native American _rivals_ they defeated the ruler _Montezuma_ and defeated the Aztec. They headed _North_ looking for more _gold_.

Juan _Ponce De Leon_ discovers gold in Puerto

Rico. Then he goes to La _Florida_ to find the fountain

of _Youth_ in stead he is killed by

Native Americans using poisoned

_arrows_. To protect their

claims the Spanish built forts called _presidios_. The oldest European settlement is the

Presidio _St. Augustine_.

_Coronado_ goes from

_Mexico_ city north to find the rumored Seven golden

cities of Cibola.

Instead in the South

West he finds seven

villages of Adobe cliff dwellings.

In 1532,_Pizarro_ aided by _small pox_ conquered the __Inca_ empire in _Peru_. He captured the ruler __Atahuapla_ and held him for __ransom_. When he received the gold and silver payment he killed the ruler and took over.

In the _South West_ from Florida to California was the Spanish Borderlands. _Spain_ sent missionaries and settlers to occupy these areas and protect them from being claimed by rival countries.

_Missions_ were built and run by Catholic Priests in order to convert the local Natives to Christianity. The _missions_ relied on farming. Native Americans were enslaved to work the fields and whipped for non _Christian_ practices.

The two sides did exchange _Knowledge_. Natives learned about new tools, foods, and sheep for wool. Spanish learned _irrigation_ in dessert regions. However, slavery and _disease_ reduced the tribes from 100 to 18 by 1700.

To compete with Spain Jacques _Cartier_ tried to find the North West _passage_. Instead he claims (Canada) _New France_. France makes money from valuable _beaver fur_. Land was given to rich nobles but the harsh conditions made it hard to farm.

_Champlain_ creates the trading post Quebec. Mostly _trappers_ or coureurs de bois " wood rangers" settled in New France. He makes the _Huron_ his business partners even defends them against the Iroquois. _Diseases_ kill many Huron.

Marquette and Joliet hoping to find the North West _passage_ explore the _Mississippi_ river. Latter La _Salle_ claimed the land west of the Mississippi in the name of Louis the XIV and named it Louisiana.

John _Cabot_ claimed New _foundland_ off of Canada in the name of _England_. He brought back fish and lumber.

Sir _Walter Raleigh_ starts the lost colony of _Roanoke_ off the coast of N.C. The first group of settlers refuse to _fish_ and _farm_ and instead return home.

The second group arrives too late to plant crops. The _leader_ returns to England for _supplies_ and can not return for three years. When he returns the only thing they find is the word _CROATOAN_ carved in a tree and no sign of the settlers.

In 1607 _merchants_ form

the _London_ company and get

permission to start a colony

_James town_ in Virginia to find

lumber and furs.

_144_ settlers of crafts men and

_gentlemen_settle on a mosquito filled swamp , surrounded by

Power Natives.

The _settlers_ did not want to work and the natives were _hostile_ with settlers. John Smith becomes _governor_ and makes them work in order to get _food_. He is _captured_ by the natives. Before he is killed he is saved by _Pocahontas_ the daughter of Chief Powhatan.

She brings __ between the settlers and natives. When John Smith leaves to __ Indians refuse to trade with the settlers causing __ and death. When Smith returns __ of the 600 are left alive.New settlers arrive but suffer Indian attacks.

Settlers __ Pocahontas and hold her __ to end Indian attacks on settlers. Over the next year she learns, __ and converts to __. John Rolfe who successfully grew the new cash crop Tobacco marries Pocahontas bringing __ between the settlers and Indians.

Sponsored by __ Hudson explores a river Near __ full of fish. The River is named the __ and the territory is claimed as New __. The West __ Trading Company establishes the profitable trading post for __on __.

Peter __ the governor buys Manhattan Island for iron __, __, blankets, and $24 dollars. Due too their beliefs about__ they laughed and made the trade. The __ also traded the __ guns for furs. Peter __ becomes governor.

Stuyvesant renames it New __.The colony becomes a melting pot for Jews, Africans, Swedish, and Europeans. The __ decide to claim the colony. The Dutch give up without a fight due to a lack of __ The English name it __ after the Duke of York.