At the

top

In the

midle

On the

leftOn

the

rightAt the

bottom

inside

Out

side

The words give the positions of the shapes in relation to the rectangle.

Make the questions and answers like the following:

Example : What is there at the top of the rectangle?

There is a circle at the top of the rectangle.

What is there on the right of the rectangle?

Answer: There is a inverted triangle on the right of the rectangle.

What is there in the middle of the rectangle?

Answer: There is a square in the middle of the rectangle.

What is there on the left of the rectangle?

Answer: There is a upright triangle on the left of the rectangle.

What is there at the bottom of the rectangle?

Answer: There is two lines at the bottom of the rectangle.

What is there at the outside of the rectangle?

Answer: There is a star at the outside of the rectangle.

Above

Betwen

beside

below

On either

side

Diagonally

above

The words give the positions of the shapes in relation to one another.

Make questions and answers like the following:

Example: Where is the circle?

The circle is above the square.

Questions and answers:

Where are the triangles?

The triangles are on the either sides of the square

Where is the square in relation to the circle?

The square is below the circle.

Where is the square in relation to the triangles?

The square is between the triangles

Where are the lines?

The lines are below the square

Where is the star?

The star is diagonally above the triangle

Above there is a table of some elements. The elements are arranged in

horizontal rows and vertical columns.

Give the positions of the following elements in relation to the whole table :

Examples : Lanthanium is at the bottom, on the left

Vanadium is in the third column from the left, at the top

Cobalt is in the top row, near the middle

Tungsten is in the 4th column from the left, at the bottom

Cadnium is in the middle row, furthest to the right

Zinc is furthest to the right of the table, in the top row

Gold is in the 2nd column from the right, at the bottom of the table

Scandium is in the first column of the top row of the table, on the left

Iron is at the top row, in the 5th column from the right

Now give the position of these elements in relation to others :

Example : Osmium is beside and to the right of rhenium.

Cobalt in relation to nickel and iron

Cobalt is between iron and nickel. Their atomic numbers are consecutive.

Niobium in relation to molybdenum

Niobium is beside and to the left of molybdenum. The atomic number of niobium is smaller than molybdenums atomic number

Platinum and mercury in relation to gold

Platinum and mercury are on either side of gold. All of them are in the same period.

Gold in relation to silver

Gold is vertically below silver. They are in the same group

Iron in relation to rhodium

Iron is diagonally above rhodium. they are in the same group but in the different period.

Silver in relation to zinc

Silver is diagonally bollow zinc. The atomic number of silver is greater than atomic number of zinc

Silver in relation to gold

Silver is vertically above gold

Read these sentences which give other positions :

Cobalt is next to, or adjacent to, nickel.

Iron is not adjacent to nickel because cobalt is between them.Manganese is in line with copper and gold is in line with hafnium.

Yttrium is near tantalum but far from zinc.

Now say whether these statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

Silver is diagonally above nickel. False.Silver is diagonally below nickel.

Zinc is in line with scandium. True

Molybdenum and ruthenium are on either side of technetium. True

Gold is adjacent to mercury. True

Iron is beside and to the right of cobalt. False. Iron is beside and to the left of cobalt.

Gold is vertically below silver. True

Vanadium is near cadnium. False. Vanadium is far from cadnium

Mercury is at the bottom of the table, on the right. True

Copper is between nickel and zinc. True

Manganese is in the middle row. False. Manganese is in the top row Silver is in the third column from the right. False.

Silver is in the second column from the right.

Look and

read :

Note : The sphere is above all the other solids, but it is over only the cone and the middle of the cylinder.

Now make questions and answers:Example: Where is the sphere in relation to the upright

cone?The sphere is over the upright cone.

Sphere ..... upright cone.

Question : Where is the sphere in relation to the upright cone?

Answer : The sphere is over the upright cone.

Upright cone ..... cylinder.

Question : Where is the upright cone in relation to the cylinder?

Answer : The upright cone is on the cylinder.

Upright cone ..... sphere.

Question : Where is the upright cone in relation to the sphere?

Answer : The upright cone is under the sphere.

Cylinder ..... upright cone.

Question : Where is the cylinder in relation to the upright cone?

Answer : The cylinder is under the upright cone.

Rectangular solid ..... cylinder.

Question : Where is the rectangular solid in relation to the cylinder?

Answer : The rectangular solid is behind the cylinder.

Inverted cone ..... cube.

Question : Where is the inverted cone in relation to the cube?

Answer : The inverted cone is behind the cube.

Cylinder ..... rectangular solid.

Question : Where is the cylinder in relation to the rectangular solid?

Answer : The cylinder is in front of the rectangular solid.

Cube ..... inverted cone.

Question : Where is the cube in relation to the inverted cone?

Answer : The cube is in front of the inverted cone.

Cube ..... rectangular solid.

Question : Where is the cube in relation to the rectangular solid?

Answer : The cube is beyond the rectangular solid.Sphere ..... line.

Question : Where is the sphere in relation to the line?

Answer : The sphere is at the end of the line.

Now complete this description:

a) There is a gas-jar .......... of the apparatus.

b) The gas-jar is standing .......... a trough.

c) There is some oxygen .......... the gas-jar.

d) .......... of the gas-jar there is a stand.

e) .......... of the stand there are two clamps which hold a test-tube.

f) .......... the test-tube and the gas-jar there is a tube.

g) .......... the stand there is a base.

h) The base is .......... the test-tube.

i) There is a tripod and a bunsen burner .......... the stand.

j) The burner is .......... the test tube.

k) The gas comes from a tap which is .......... of the tripod.

l) .......... the burner there is a flame.

m) .......... the apparatus there is conical flask.

n) .......... the conical flask there is a beaker.

o) Thereis is a light .......... the stand.

p) The light is .......... of a wire.

q) The light is .......... the apparatus and the flasks.

r) The apparatus and the flasks are .......... the bench.

a) There is a gas-jar beyond of the apparatus.

b) The gas-jar is standing on a trough.

c) There is some oxygen in the gas-jar.

d) Beyond of the gas-jar there is a stand.

e) At the top of the stand there are two clamps which hold a test-tube.

f) Between the test-tube and the gas-jar there is a tube.

g) Under the stand there is a base.

h) The base is under the test-tube.

i) There is a tripod and a bunsen burner beside the stand.

j) The burner is on the tripod.

k) The gas comes from a tap which is at the front of the tripod.

l) On the burner there is a flame.

m) Beyond the apparatus there is a conical flask.

n) Behind the conical flask there is a beaker.

o) There is a light over the stand.

p) The light is at the end of a wire.

q) The light is over the apparatus and the flask.

r) The apparatus and the flasks are on the bench.

•Look at this map of the world and the sentences below it :

Mexico is situated in Central America

Central America is situated betweenNorth America and South America

Europa is situated to the west of Asia

The Sahara Desert is located in Africa and to the south-west of Cairo

Gold is found in the south of Africa

Kangaroos are found in Australia

People are distributed throughout the world

A. Answer these questions :

Where are whales found?

Whales are found in the Pacific Ocean Where is the river Amazon located?

The river Amazon is located in Brazil and to the north of Rio de Janeiro

Where is Lagos situated?

Lagos is situated to the west of Africa

Where is the Atlantic Ocean in relation to Europe and North America?

Atlantic Ocean is situated between Europe and North America

Where are the Himalayas located in relation to China?

The Himalayas is located in the north-west of China

Where is tea found?

Tea is found in the South of China

Where is Moscow situated in relation to Delhi? Moscow is situated to the north-west of Delhi

Where is India situated in relation to Asia?

India is situated in the South of Asia

B. Ask and answer some more questions like these

Where is coffee found?

Coffee is found in Brazil

Where is oil Found?

Oil is found in the west-south of Asia

Where is Japan situated in relation to China?

Japan is situated to the east of China

Where is Britain situated in relation to Europe and the Atlantic Ocean?

Britain is situated between Europa and the Atlantic Ocean

Where is Cuba situated in relation to New York?

Cuba is situated to the south of New York

Write six sentences about your own country, using the words :•Is/are situated•Is/are located•Is/are found•Is/are distributed throughout•To the east of•In the north of

Medan is situated to the north-west of

Pekanbaru.

Jakarta and bandung are located in

Java.

Gold is found in Papua.

The volcanoes are distributed

throughout Indonesia.

The Sulawesi Island is situated to the

east of Kalimantan Island.

Manado is located in North Sulawesi.

Section 4“Some Parts of objects and their properties”

Look and read :

The interior of a glass tube is hollow.

The interior is hard and smooth.

Ask and answer question with the words below :

Example : Which part of an egg is hard ?

The exterior of an egg is hard.

Hard/soft hollow/tough hard and transparent/

Flat/circular/cylindrical/

Hollow.

Question : Which part of an egg is soft?

Answer : The interior of an egg is soft.

Question : Which part of a ping-pong ball is hollow?

Answer : The interior of a ping-pong is hollow.

Question : Which part of a ping – pong is tough?

Answer : The exterior of a ping – pong is tough.

Qusetion : Which part of a bottle is hard and transparent ?

Answer : The exterior of a bottle is hard and transparent.

Question : Which part of a bottle is flat?

Answer : The base of a bottle is flat.

Question : Which part of a bottle is cylindrical?

Answer : The middle of a bottle is cylindrical.

Question : Which parts of a bottle are circular ?

Answer : The base and the top of a bottle are circular.

Question : Which part of a bottle is hollow ?

Answer : The interior of a bottle is hollow.

Look and read :

The interior surface of this dish is concave.

The exterior surface is convex.

The edge is circular.

The book is thick.

The pages are thin.

The edges of the pages are straight.

The front of this lorry is curved.

The back and the sides are flat.

One end of this screw is flat and circular.

The other end tapering.

The tip is pointed

Now ask and answer more questions:

Flat /convex/

thick/thin

Concave

/thick /thin

Curved

/tapering

Filled with graphite

/smooth /tapering

/pointed/flat

Question : Which part of a convex lens is flat?

Answer : The back of a convex lens is flat.

Question : Which part of a convex lens is convex?

Answer : The front of a convex lens is convex.

Question : Which parts of a concave lens are concave?

Answer : The front and the back of a concave lens is concave.

Question : Which parts of a leaf are curved?

Answer : The right side and the left side of a leaf are curved.

Question : Which part of a leaf is tapering?

Answer : The end of a leaf is tapering.

Question : Which part of a pencil is filled with graphite?

Answer : The interior of a pencil is filled with graphite.

Question : Which part of a pencil is smooth?

Answer : The interior of a pencil is smooth.

Question : Which part of a pencil is tapering?

Answer : The end of a pencil is tapering.

Question : Which part of a pencil is pointed?

Answer : The end of a pencil is pointed.

Question : Which part of a pencil is flat?

Answer : The exterior of a pencil is flat.

The top and the bottom of this case are horizontal.The right side, the left side and the back side of this case are vertical.There is a handle on the front of this case.The handle is curved.The interior of this case is hollow.

The interior of a cigarette is filled with tobacco.The ends of a cigarette are circular.The exterior of a cigarette is white.

The front edge of the blade is thin.The back edge of the blade is thick.The blade is curved shaped.The end of the handle is tapering.