Learning about Language (P.12)

1 __________something that you say is not true

2 ____________not to be punished for something

3__________ uncooked

4__________ the strong wish to know about sth.

5__________ someone who buys things or services

from a shop, company, etc

6__________a particular quality that gives someone or

something an advantage

lie

get away with

raw curiosity

customer

benefit

2. Fill in the blanks with words from the left box and paraphrase the italicized parts using the phrases from the right box.

balanced diet raw

slim ought to

energetic

lose weight

lose heart

lose interest

lose face

Julie wanted to become thinner. She knew she__________ eat more vegetables and fruit but little meat. However, as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends, she did not consult a doctor but lived on a______ of rice, __________ vegetables, bananas and lemons. Three weeks later, she found she weighed as much as ever. She felt so sad and hopeless about herself and her behaviour changed. She didn’t dare to face her boyfriend and she was unwilling to visit her friends any more. Luckily, her best friend Fred came to see her and encouraged her to exercise, eat a__________ diet and enjoy life again. Soon Julie became amazingly__________ and__________! She felt very happy.

ought to

diet

raw

balanced

energetic slim

become thinner--- lose weight

being laughed at by her friend ---losing face

felt so sad and hopeless about herself ---lost heart

was unwilling to visit any more --- lost interest in visiting

Answer key to Exercise 3: • 1 √pear; ×cream (fat and all the others are fruit)• 2 √sugar; ×mutton (meat and all the others are energy-giving food)• 3 √bacon; ×cabbage (vegetable and all the others are meat)• 4 √strawberry; ×eggplant (vegetable and all the others are fruit)

modal verb (2)

ought to

• ought to 用于表示 " 想必会 "( 语气较 must 弱 ) ：

1. 他们想必已到那儿了。 They ought to be there by now.

2. 　他最好不要抽烟了。 He ought to stop smoking. 　• 多数情况下， ought to 可与 should 互换使

用。• Ought to 的反意疑问句用 shouldn’t 替代。

13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ________ you ?

A. won’t you

B. ought not you

C. shouldn’t you

D. wouldn’t you

比较 had better, should & ought to

• 三者均表示建议，意为“应该”，“应当”或“最好做…” .

• 三者的语气程度为渐强。• Had better 指一般性的建议，最弱。• Should&ought to 含义相近，常可互换。区

别在于， ought to 常指特殊情况下的“应当”。 Should 则指一般情况。见下页例句。

• You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.( 语气强，有命令意味。 )

• You should have a rest after finishing your sports. （一般性建议）

• You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in your house.

• He should take care of the babies tonight.

have to

• have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”

• I have to get the station early to catch the first train.

• We missed the bus so we had to walk home.

• We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.

• Have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时，• We will have to gather at the school gate at 7

tomorrow.

• 一般现在时• I have to take more money with me because my

gf has so much to buy.

• 一般过去时• Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a

picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.

have to （考点）

shall 用于第一，三人称疑问句，　　　　征求意见或请求 shall 第二，三人称　 　　　陈述句 , 命令 , 警告 , 允诺 , 威胁 should 表劝告，建议，命令，顺理成章的　＝ ought to• 疑问句中常用 should 代替 ought to•ought to 表应该，语气＞ should• 美语中， ought to 用于否，疑句时 to 可省

shall , should &ought to

Need I do …? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.

dare & need

情态动词 实义动词dare 否，疑，条

dare not do

否 , 疑 don’t dare to do 　　　　 don’t dare do

不用于肯定句 肯： dare to do

need 否，疑 needn’t do

(don’t) need sth

(don’t) need to do

肯： must, have to, ought to, should

•Must they do…? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t/don’t have to. 　　　　

must & have to

must have to

主观／客观 　 主观 　 客观时态 现在，将来 　 多种表推测 　　√ 　　 ×

询问意愿 　　√ 　　 ×

否定意 禁止，不允许 不必

• must 表主观意志，而 have to 表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。

• Must 没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to 代替。

• I told her that she must give up smoking.

• She said, “We had to get everything ready that night.”

比较 must & have to

注意对 need 问句的回答 :

--Need I finish the work today?

--Yes, ________________.

No, ________________.

No, ________________.

you must

you needn’t

you don’t have to

needn’t 对其它情态动词的回答 :

--Shall I tell John about it?

--No, you __________.

--Must we do it now?

--No, you __________.

needn’t (don’t have to)

needn’t(don’t have to)

•Could I borrow your dictionary?( 委婉 )

---- Yes ， you can/may.

Sure. Go ahead.

Please yourself.

•May I take this seat?( 第一人称疑问句 )

Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.

高考链接1.--Is John coming by train? --He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. (2002 高考题） A. must B. can C. need D. may2.It has been announced that candidates( 候选人 ) ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002 上海高考题） A. can B.will C. may D. shall3.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (2002 北京高考题） --It ____ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be

Practice 1: 高考考题专练1. I thought you _____like something to read, so

I have brought you some books.

A. may B. might C. would D. must

2. Where is my pen? I ____it.

A. might lose B. would have lost

C. should have lost D. must have lost

3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep

A. must be B. must have been

C. should be D. should have been

B

D

B

4. ---There were already five people in the car,

but they managed to take me as well.

----It ____a comfortable journey

A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been

5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___be here at

any moment.

A. must B. need C. should D. could

D

C

情态动词考题 :

1. ---Did the train arrive in time?----No. It _______ two hours ago.A. must have arrived B. ought to have arrivedC. must arrive D. ought to arrive

2. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the

children?"  

"No,         ."  A. you shouldn't  B. you might not  

C. you needn't   D. you mustn't

B

C

3. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday.

He         it.

  A. mustn't have attended 

B. cannot have attended

  C. needn't have attended 

D. would have not attended

B

4. You ________ such a long composition.

The teacher only asked for 300 words.

You have written 600.A. mustn’t have written B. couldn’t have writtenC. needn’t have written D. do not have to write

C

5. There is someone knocking at the door.

        it be Tom?

A. can  B. must  C. should  D. ought to

6. Two years ago, my husband bought me a

bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster

than a car and you         worry about

parking.

   A. must not   B. may not  

C. should not   D. don't have to0

A

D

Discovering useful structures(P.13)

• Answer key for Ex.1:

1.Then usually by lunchtime they would all

be sold. (Possibility)

2.What could have happened ? (Possibility)

3.Nothing could be better… (Possibility)

4.Something terrible must have happened

if… (Guessing)

5. He could not believe his eye. (Ability) 6. Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. (Duty) 7. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies ! (Intention) 8. He had better do some research ! (Duty) 9. Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food… (Possibility) 10.They would become tired very back. (Ability)

. ought/oughtn’t to should/shouldn’t

mustn’t needn’t (don’t) have to

will can/can’t

2. Choose suitable modal verbs below to complete the following dialogues. There may be more than one possibility

1 SAM: How can I grow thinner, Mum?MUM: Well, you __________ eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest

better. And you__________ stop drinking cola or eating sweet food.

SAM: Does it mean I__________ eat. my favourite fried chicken any more?

MUM: Not exactly, if you love fried chicken, you __________ give it up. Just eat it less often.

You__________ worry too much: a little fried chicken__________ do you good!

have to

should

shouldn’t

needn’t

don’t have to

will

• 2 DOCTOR: You are sick because you’ve eaten poisonous mushrooms. Where did you get them?

• LUCY: I picked them in the forest. I know we__________ eat fresh vegetables.

• DOCTOR: Oh, you__________ eat them until you’re sure they are not poisonous.

• LUCY: Thank you, doctor. I’ll be more careful next time.

• 3 CHARLES: I wish I could see things clearly in the dark.

• TOM: Eating carrots__________ help you see better. You__________ eat some every day.

have to

mustn’t

ought to

should

Using Structures (P.50)

• Answer key for Ex.1

1. have to, should, need to

2. ought to, should

3. mustn’t, would

4. have to, need to

5. can’t, can’t

Assignment

1. Summarize the rules of the modal verbs in your own way.

2. Finish the exercises of “Using

words and Expressions P.49