UNIT 2H&S

ASSIGNMENTS

• PART 1 – REPORT & HELP SHEET• PART 2 – PRODUCE A RISK

ASSESSMENT• PART 3 – PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT

RISK AND HAZARD• Risk =

• Hazard =

• They differ in the fact that a R____ is the likelihood of harm or injury actually occurring, where as a H________ is anything that could potentially cause harm or injury to a person.

• They can be divided in to 3 areas:• -• -• -• TASK…Look at the picture below, circle as many hazards as

you can. Then write them up under which category you think they fall into.

Likelihood of harm or injury actually occurring

Anything that could potentially cause harm or injury to a person

iskazard

PeopleEquipmentEnvironment

TASK...

• LOOK AT THE PICTURE...• 1 CIRCLE ALL THE HAZARDS• 2 DIVIDE THEM INTO THE 3 CATEGORIES IN

THE TABLE UNDERNEATH

Hazards and Risks from PEOPLE

- Inappropriate warm up/cool down- Physical fitness- Food- Chewing gum- Jewellery- Technique skill level- Behaviour of participants

Hazards and Risks from EQUIPMENT

- Inappropriate clothing/footwear

- Lack of protective clothing/equipment

- Playing surfaces- Faulty damaged equipment

Hazards and Risks from the ENVIRONMENT

Cold weatherRainWarm weather

Rules, regulations and legislation relevant to H&S and injury in sport

• Rules, regulations and legislation are there to prevent i______.

• Rules are statements of what you a__ and a__ n__ allowed to do in a given situation, they can be f______ or i_ f_____.

• Formal rules introduced by a NGB are often called r___________.

• L__________ is the name given to rules and regulations that have been made into l___.

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re otormal ormaln

egulationsegislation

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ORGANISATIONAL RULES• Organisational rules• These are specific to a s_____, l________ or

v______ that is being used. For example, in rugby, players are not allowed to jump in a tackle being made as it may result in injury to the person jumping and the person making the tackle. Also if playing on Astro turf, players are not allowed to wear certain kinds of football boots, as it could result in insufficient cushioning of the boots, causing either i_______ to the player or d_______ to the pitch.

port ocationenue

njury amage

TASK…

• Come up with 3 organisational rules related to a sport of your choice.

• -• -• -

LEGISLATION

• Legislation• There are 6 specific kinds of legislation you

need to know about for this assignment. In the box on the left write in what the legislation is (the name, date and what it is), on the box on the right stick in how it is relevant to sport and how it helps to prevent injury/harm to people…off you go!!! PS check before you stick it in…

LEGISLATION IMPACT ON SPORT

Health and Safety at work Act 1974

Management of Health and Safety at work Regulations1994

Right to work in a place where risks to health and safety are controlled.Employer is responsible for ensuring you don’t become ill or hurt through your job, but you should also ensure your own health and safety at work.

This requires employers to ensure risks assessments are carried out so that employees and associated people are adequately protected at work. Cover wide range of scenarios – young people, expectant mothers, imminent or serious danger

LEGISLATION IMPACT ON SPORT

Control of substances hazardous to Health (COSHH) 2002

Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981

Using chemicals or harmful substances can put peoples health at risk. This Act ensures that employers control exposure to hazardous substances to prevent employees or related people becoming ill or harmed.

This ensures that employers provide adequate equipment, facilities and personnel to administer first aid if they become ill or injured at work. This Act applies to all work places.

LEGISLATION IMPACT ON SPORT

Safety of Sports Ground Act 1975

The Children Act 2004

Following major incidents at various grounds, it was clear that the structure and management of these venues needed to be controlled. Act placed control with local authority, along with the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sports Act 1978, it made sure the local authorities enforced the act.

Supports Every Child Matters.Brought in to ensure all organisations that work with children work together to improve the well being of all young people.

Sports Injuries

• Sports Injuries can be divided into 2 types:• - O / C• - A

veruse hroniccute

Overuse (chronic) injuries

• Occur when a performer p______ themselves hard over long periods of t____ and continuously puts the same m________, b_____ and j______ under p__________.

ushesime

usclesones oints ressure

Tendon becomes inflamed.Movement in the area becomes uncomfortable.Tennis elbow is an EG

Tiny fractures in the surface of the tibia cause pain and swelling. Common in any sport involving running

Tendonitis Shin splints

Acute injuries

• These are injuries that reach a c_____ quickly. They occur as a result of s_____ and e_______.

• Word game...stick each of the boxes into the boxes on the ACUTE SPIDER DIAGRAM...see next slide and next page in your books

risisport

xercise

SPRAINSFRACTURES

BRUISING

BLISTERS

DISLOCATIONS

STRAINS

2 bones become separated at a joint, causing deformity, swelling and intense pain.

i.e. broken bones. Categorized as ‘open’ or ’closed’. Open is where bone breaks through the skin, closed is where it breaks inside the skin.

Occurs when area of skin is rubbed repeatedly e.g. rowing. A sac of fluid builds up underneath the skin, causing pain and discomfort.

Occur when the skin is banged or bumped, bursting tiny blood vessels close to the surface of the skin. Area become red or purple.

Occurs when a ligament is overstretched or torn. Causes pain, bruising and swelling.

Occurs when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. Causes pain swelling and muscle weakness.

TASK…

• In the table, give an example of an acute and an overuse type of injury that might be sustained by a performer in that particular sport.

SPORT OVERUSE INJURY ACUTE INJURY

Swimming

Cycling

Boxing

Cricket

Rugby

Causes of injury

• There are many factors which cause sports performers to become injured. They can be divided into 2 categories:

• I__________• Also known as p________ factors, these are directly related to the

performer. Intrinsic injuries occur when an athlete becomes injured as a direct result of taking part in s______. Intrinsic injuries include both o________ and a_____, as they can either build up over t____ or happen s_______.

• E__________• These are related to the s______________ of the performer. They

are caused by e_________ factors and not by the sports performer themselves. For example an extrinsic injury may occur if a force, caused by an o__________ or piece of e____________, comes into contact with a performer. The impact of the force can cause many different injuries. These could include fractures, concussion, dislocation and spinal injuries.

ntrinsic

xtrinsic

ersonalportveruse cuteime uddenly

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Intrinsic Extrinsic

How to prevent injuries…write on board game…

- Warming up before an activity- Follow a training schedule- Ensure the correct footwear and clothing is worn

- Adhere to rules of the activity- Use the correct equipment- Ensure risk assessments have been carried out

Illnesses• Illness is a potential t______ to sports

performers. Some illnesses are both related to sports performance, and related to the effect it can have on sports performance, especially when in t_______ or in c_____________.

• The following illnesses are associated with sports performance:

• Asthma• Heart attack• Viral infection• Hypoglycaemia

hreat

raining ompetition

TASK…

• In the boxes/table, explain how each one impacts upon the performance of a sports person.

How to deal with a casualty suffering with an illness or injury

• Anyone who takes part in s_____ is at risk of becoming ill or injured. It is therefore imperative that all participants are equipped with the k___________ of how to deal with a situation, should it arise. They should be aware of who to c________ in the event of an a__________ or e___________, and how to p_______ themselves and the injured/ill party when something happens.

port

nowledge

ontactccident mergencyrotect

Procedures words game...

In your groups...put the laminated strips in the order of how you would deal with an incident... Then on the next slide we will see if you are correct...

The procedure…

TASK…fill in the boxes with the missing words to show the full procedure.

ituation

Illness/Injury

ajor inor

112999 ncident easurance

• NOW EXPLAIN WHAT EACH ONE DOES…• Assess situation

• Assess injury/illness

Look for potential risks/hazards as you approach the situationDO NOT put yourself in any danger as you may then become a casualtyTake safe and precautious measures/actions to further minimise any riskWhen safe to do so, approach the injured person

This needs to be done in order to implement the correct procedureIs it an illness or an injury?Is it a major or minor incident?Is the casualty un/conscious?Is the casualty dehydrated?

• Initiate procedures for major illness/injury Initially assessed by a qualified first aider, who will call an

ambulance Paramedics may decide to take casualty to hospital where

they will be seen by a triage nurse, then if need be a doctor or surgeon.

• Initiate procedures for minor illness/injuryCan be dealt with by a qualified first aiderIf no qualified first aider, make casualty comfortable, keep

them warm and advise they see a first aider or their GP ASAP

• Dial 999/112Emergency services need to know detailed information,

when you speak to them:1. Specify the emergency service you require2. Give name and contact number of person making the call3. Tell them where the incident happened4. Give details of the person affected and explain exactly

what happened5. May also be useful to give directions of how the site of

the incident can be reached

•Report the incidentFollowing an incident, it is important to complete a clear and accurate record of the events. The following should be recorded on an incident form:- Who the casualty is and their personal details-The location, date and time of the incident- Details of the incident, including any injuries sustained- The treatment or recommended treatment for the casualty- The personal details of the person completing the form

•Methods of proving reassurance- It’s vital that the casualty is constantly reassured and that all people on scene remain calm- Even if the casualty is unconscious, they should be spoken to and told help is on its way-Keep casualty calm and comfortable- A positive, firm and comforting attitude will reassure an injured person and prevent further distress- If casualty is under 16 their parents/guardians should be contacted to make them aware of the events

• Different types of c require different things. Being able to identify which category they fit into will allow for the relevant and most appropriate treatment. The 3 categories are:

• -

• -

• -

asualty

Specific needs

Child

Adult Over 18, don’t need to obtain consent in order to treat them

Under 18, you need to obtain consent in order to treat them

Casualty will have their own individual requirements depending on their disability. EGs diabetes, epilepsy, or a physical or mental disability

• Minor injuries and how to treat them:• BruiseApply cold compress eg ice packAfter 48hrs a warm press maybe applied to

reduce the discolouration

• GrazeWash with clean water and dry with a clean

sterile padIf bleeding apply pressure to woundGrazes usually heal very quickly

• Sprain/strainRest Ice Compression Elevation

• CrampRest and apply an ice pack

• Shin splintsApply ice and raise the leg, then rest

• Minor illnesses and how to treat them:

• Cold and fluNo cure, but drink lots, consume plenty of vitamin C

and take paracetamol to keep temperature low

• HayfeverEase symptoms by taking antihistamines and avoid

contact with irritants

• Nose bleedsSit person down, lean forward with mouth open,

pinch nose below bone for approx 10 mins. If bleeding doesn’t stop, do another 10, after that seek medical advice

• Stomach upsetDrink plenty of fluids and avoid eating untill

stomach has settled

• Major injuries and how to treat them:• Head/neck/spinal injurySeek urgent medical attention as any delay in

treatment could result in permanent damage to brain/nervous system

• UnconsciousnessEven if unconscious a casualty may still be able

to hear, so constant reassurance is key• Airway obstructionIf the brain is starved of oxygen, cells rapidly

begin to die. Could result in brain damage or death

• Fractures and dislocationsHospital treatment required. Some breaks will

need to be placed in a cast in order to heal and if dislocated, the bones will have to be put back into the joint by a suitably qualified individual

• Uncontrolled bleedingApply pressure to area and raise above level of

heart whilst waiting for the ambulance• Respiratory problemsInjuries caused to the lungs/ribcage must be dealt

with quickly and efficiently. An injury such as a punctured lung can occur as a result of sport and may need an operation to repair the damage

• Major illnesses and how to treat them:• Heart attackOccur when a blood vessel to the heart is blocked,

Vital that it is removed as quickly as possible in order for the casualty to recover

• StrokeCan happen suddenly if supply of O2 to brain is

interrupted. Sufferers of strokes will need hospital treatment so calling an ambulance is vital

• Severe asthma attack• On occasions inhalers are not sufficient enough and

hospital treatment will be required

• HypothermiaWill kick in when someone is exposed to extreme

cold/wet weather• Heat exhaustion/heat strokeHappens when body temps goes over 37degrees.

Cold drinks, rest in a cool shaded area will usually help casualty to recover. Can quickly become heat stroke, and without being treated can cause organ failure, brain damage or even death

• Dehydration • When body looses 1% of its weight in fluid. Can

be mild, moderate or severe. Symptoms are tired, dizzy and thirsty. Should be treated in hospital.

• DEFINED AS…“The possibility of something unpleasant happening”

• Now write it in a sporting context:

Risk Assessments

“The possibility that an injury to one or moreplayers will happen”

A Risk Assessment is completed for the following reasons:

1. To find out how risky something is2. To minimise the risk of injury 3. Promotes health, safety and welfare of individuals

involved with the activity4. To ensure a safe environment is continually maintained5. Their is a legal requirement to do them, enforced through

Acts of Parliament and European directives6. It demonstrates good practice and is strongly

recommended by most NGBs

Risk Assessment game...

• You have the steps to complete a risk assessment/next slide...put them in order..and see if you can get it right!

RA Game...find the order...

- Review decisions regularly and make changes if necessary

- Record findings and implement solutions- Identify the level of risk - Decide how to prevent or reduce the level of

risk- Identify the hazard- Decide who might be harmed and how

Carrying out a risk assessment

• There are ___ steps to completing a risk assessment.• They are:• Identify the H__________• Decide w___ might be h________ and h___ • Identify the l______ of r____ • Decide how to p________ or r________ the level of

r____• R________ findings and i__________ solutions• R______ decisions r_________ and make c________

if necessary

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Swimming Pool RA

• We are going to head over to the pool and carry out a Risk Assessment, it will be part of what you hand in for your assignment.

Reporting procedures

• When incidents occur, they have to be r___________. This is usually done by filling out a f_____ and giving it to the administrator or person on duty at the location of the incident.

• What kind of things must the form contain??? TASK…fill in the spider diagram below…

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Details of an incident form

Personal details of the person involved

Details of where the incident occurred, what happened and any injuries sustained

Information of any witnesses including their personal details

Details of any medical or first aid treatment given

Contingency plans

• What is a contingency plan?An alternative plan that can be put into action, if

necessary, to ensure an event or session takes place safely.

• Why do we need them?Incase circumstances alter at the last minute. EG if it

becomes to wet, windy or if equip is damaged/broken for the activity being undertaken

EG of a contingency plan...