unit 2 the castle

38
Unit 2 Feudal Society

Upload: francisco-gonzalez

Post on 19-Jul-2015

50 views

Category:

Education


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Unit      2                    Feudal      Society      

Vocabulary  Serf    Vassal    Fief    Demesne    Tenure    Knight    Tournament    Page    Squire      

Nun    Bishop    Priest    Abbot      Shell    Sword    Helm    Tithe  

Culture    Harvest  

The  Vikings  came  from  Scandinavia.  They  conquered  the  Bri6sh  Isles,  northern  France  and  southern  Italy,  and  they  founded  kingdoms.  

Journey  to  Normandy  

PreparaHon  of  a  feast  

The  BaIle  of  HasHngs  

2  The  feudal  society  and  its  origins          The  word  Feudalism  comes  from  feud  (or  fief).  This  is  the  extension  of  land  which  belonged  to  a  king  or  a  noble  (the  feudal  lord),  who  could  cede  it  to  another  less  powerful  noble  who  then  became  his  vassal.  During  a  commenda6on  ceremony  the  vassal  swore  loyalty  to  his  lord.  He  then  owed  him  advice,  military  service  and  some6mes  financial  aid.  The  vassals  could  become  lord.  At  the  top  of  the  feudal  social  pyramid,  there  was  the  king,  considered  primus  inter  pares  (first  among  equals)          

tollvillage

forest

crops

lord’s castle

millvillage

The  Fief      The  basic  unit  of  land  holding  was  the  manor  (or  seignury).  A  lord  could  hold  one  many  manors.  The  land  of  the  manor  was  divided  into  the  demesne,  held  by  the  lord  for  his  own  use,  and  the  tenures  held  by  the  peasants  in  return  for  rents  or  feudal  du6es.  To  maintain  order  and  to  defend  themselves  from  enemies,  lords  relied  on  the  military  service  of  their  vassals.      

True  or  false?  Correct  the  false  informaHon      A  fief  or  manor  was  a  castle  Everything  grown  on  a  demesne  belonged  to  the  lord.  The  lord  gave  the  land  to  the  peasants  so  that  they  could  grow  their  own  food.  The  lords  allowed  merchants  to  cross  their  land  and  bridges  free  of  charge          

Match  the  words  and  the  definiHons                Serf                                                    fief                                    vassal          a.  Land  granted  to  a  noble  by  the  king  or  a  higher  noble.      b.  A  person  who  received  land  from  the  king  or  a  higher  noble  in  return  for  homage  and  allegiance.      c.  A  member  of  the  lowest  feudal  class  obliged  to  work  for  a  noble.          

LORD

VASSAL

economic aid

counsel

militaryprotection

legaldefence

sustenance

militaryaid

Noblewomen    The  most  important  func6on  of  noblewomen  was  to  marry  and  have  children.  Marriage  was  arranged  by  parents.  Noblewomen  organised  the  servants,  educated  children  and  did  sewing  and  weaving.  Women  who  did  not  marry  went  into  convents    

Feudal  society  was  divided  into  three  orders:  Nobles  or  lords:  these  were  privileged  members  of  society.  They  controlled  the  lands.  They  were  the  knights  and  their  families.  Their  duty  was  to  defend  the  popula6on.  They  fought  on  horseback,  and  their  weapons  were  the  lance,  the  shield  and  the  mace.    Nobles  sons  started  their  military  training  when  they  were  eight  years  old.  They  served  as  pages  to  an  important  noble  and  learned  to  fight.  At  the  age  of  fiNeen,  they  became  squires  and  served  a  knight.  If  they  proved  their  worth,  about  five  years  later  they  were  made  knights  at  a  special  ceremony    

A  knight’s  armour  

Who  had  a  beIer  life,  noblemen  or  noblewomen?    Why?      

The  clergy.    The  Pope  in  Rome  was  the  head  of  the  Church  and  he  had  great  influence,  and  he  could  excommunicate  a  king.  Below  the  Pope  the  Church  was  divided  into  two  groups:  -­‐  the  secular  clergy  (  bishops,  priests,…)  who  lived  in  the  secular  world  and  ministered  to  ordinary  people.  -­‐  the    regular  clergy  (  abbots,  monks,…)  who  lived  in  communi6es  in  monasteries  or  abbeys  and  followed  the  rules  of  a  religious  order.      Nuns  and  monks  lived  in  convents  and  monasteries.  They  spent  most  of  their  6me  in  prayer  and  medita6on.    They  also  worked  in  the  garden  and  looked  aNer  the  poor  and  sick.  Some  monks  worked  in  the  library,  where  they  copied  manuscripts  by  hand.  

PopeSECULAR CLERGY

bishops abbots

priests superiors of convents and monasteries

friars, monks and nuns

REGULAR CLERGY

refectory: dining room

church

cloister

chapter house: a meeting room

library

guest house

kitchen storeroom

dormitory

garden

infirmary

Monks copied manuscriptsby hand. A monk might copy two

or three books a year.

parapet

moat

barbican

courtyard

battlements

towersmithy well

wall

drawbridge

tower of homage

walk

Peñafiel  castle,  Valladolid  

Santa  Catalina  castle,  Jaén  

Activity: Name the parts of a castle

Peasants:  they  made  up  90  percent  of  society.  They  oNen  lived  on  the  manor.  They  could  be  free  (villain  or  freemen)  or  not  (serf).  

Serf:  had  a  very  hard  life,  they  could  not  leave  the  fief  or  get  married  without  permission.  They  worked  in  the  tenures,  paid  rent,  worked  for  free  on  the  land  (  labour  or  corvées).  They  had  to  pay  the    lords  to  use  the  bakery  oven,  the  mill,  the  bridge  or  the  wine  press.  They  prac6sed  two-­‐field  crop  rota6on  and  used  rudimentary  tools  to  farm.      Freemen:  They  could  leave  the  fief  and  worked  on  the  lord’s  land  and  paid  rent  but  they  kept  some  of  the  harvest.  They  paid  a  6the  of  the  harvest  to  the  Church  

Peasants  

1. forest 2. Lord’s castle 3. crops 4. mill5. church 6. house 7. tolls

Serfs  or  freemen?  Read  the  statements  and  decided  who  they  refer  to      They  could  not  get  married  without  permission__________  They  could  make  personal  decisions___________  They  owed  a  6the  to  the  Church_____________  They  were  not  paid  for  their  work__________  They  could  leave  the  fief__________________      

Freeman  Serfs  

The  End  

Did  you  enjoy?  

Pope  

Abbot  

Bishop  

Nuns  

Friars  

Priest  

Monks  

Superiors