unit 2.4 leadership and management. introduction leadership art of influence management science of...
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Unit 2.4Leadership and Management
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IntroductionLeadership
art of influenceManagement
science of reason◦Senior Management◦Middle Management◦Junior/Supervisory Management
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Nature of LeadershipOfficial Leader
given formal authority over others
Informal Leadernatural way of influencing people
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Nature of ManagementHenri Fayol
Traditional Functions of Managers◦ Planning◦ Organizing◦ Commanding◦ Coordinating◦ Controlling
Henry Mintzberg Roles of Managers◦ Interpersonal Role◦ Informational Role◦ Decision-Making
RoleTasks of
Managers◦ Routine Tasks◦ Planning Tasks◦ Communication
Tasks
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Management vs. LeadershipNot all leaders are managers.Not all managers are effective
leaders.Effective managers are also
effective leaders.Effective management and
leadership leads to a motivated and more productive workforce.
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Leadership StylesAutocraticPaternalisticDemocraticLaissez-fiar
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Autocratic LeadershipManager makes all decisionsMinimal delegation of
responsibilityIdeal when critical decisions must
be made or with an unskilled workforce.
Top-down communication limits valuable feedback and leads to employee resentment.
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Paternalistic LeadershipVery similar to autocratic
leadership.Difference is that the leader
demonstrates a sense of caring for subordinates.
Yet minimal responsibility is delegated and leader still makes all decisions.
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Democratic LeadershipLeader discusses and involves
employees in decision making.Improves moral and motivation
of employees.Ideal when the leader cannot
always be present for decisions to be made.
Delays decision making and difficult with a large workforce.
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Laissez-fairIntentional lack of involvement by the
leader.Subordinates given responsibility to
best decide how to meet the objectives set forth by the leader.
High levels of staff motivation.Ideal for skilled workers, especially in
jobs that require creativity.Encourages slack and makes
organization wide decision making very time consuming.
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Situational LeadershipNo single approach to leadership.Leaders adapt their style to best
fit the situation.Factors affecting leadership style:
◦Culture◦Leader◦Organization◦Task◦Subordinates