unit 3 biotechnology in its purest form, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of...

Unit 3Biotechnology

In its purest form, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment.

© 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

Historic Applications of Biotechnology

• Yeast to make bread rise



• Yeast to transform

fruit and grains into alcoholic beverages



• • Bacteria in milk to

produce cheese and yogurt


Cheese Making

The First Biotechnician• The first person to

SELECT a better dog, horse, sheep, goat, or ox to use as a parent for the next generation.

•


?

The First Biotechnician• The first person to

SELECT a seed from a bigger, or stronger, or juicier plant.

•


Gregor Mendel—The Father of HEREDITY


Gregor Mendel—The Father of HEREDITY– He

experimented with garden peas.

– He observed a definite pattern of visible characteristics from parent to offspring.

– He coined the terms DOMINANT and RECESSIVE.


Dominant VS. Recessive

DNA—the GENETIC CODE of All Life

• Deoxyribonucleic acid• The transmitter of

hereditary information• Occurs in pairs of

strands linked together

• Looks like a twisted ladder


Base Pairs of DNA

The genetic alphabet of the language of life

• Adenine—A• Thymine—T • Guanine—G• Cytosine—C

• Adenine is always linked to thymine.• Guanine is always linked to cytosine.


What Is a GENE?

• Many genes make up the strand of DNA.

• The trait for hair color might be spelled GCAATCTA.


What Is a GENE?

• When the sequence GCAATCTA. (hair color) is located on the strand of DNA, it is MAPPED.

• From the map of genes, scientists can SPLICE in or out a certain gene.


Gene Splicing• Also referred to as RECOMBINANT DNA• Advantages

– A SINGLE trait can be inserted – In the future a SINGLE trait can be

removed (like the gene for Huntington's disease).


• In the future a SINGLE trait can be removed (like the gene for Huntington's disease).

TRANSGENIC Animals

• Animals that contain genes that are not naturally found in the animal

• Advantages– production of INSULIN

used by humans with diabetes


CLONING(Dolly the sheep)

5 July 1996

First Cloned Dog (2005)

Snuppy (right), the first successfully cloned dog, is shown at 67 days after birth with Tai, the three-year-old Afghan hound whose skin cells

were used to clone him.

Cloned cats with fluorescent gene

Safety in Biotechnology

• Biotechnological research is monitored by the FDA )The Food and Drug Administration) before, during, and after experimentation.


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