How were American

Indians forced off their lands?

By: Mr. Casey

AGENDA•Vocabulary•Lesson 4- How were Native Americans forced off of their land?

assimilate•(verb) to become like the people around you

How were American Indians forced off their lands?•As European settlers moved to America between 1500 and 1750 and pushed onto American Indian lands, conflicts would occur so European countries would sign treaties to try and set boundaries.

WHY SIGN TREATIES?U.S.A =LAND, RESOURCES

How were American Indians forced off their lands?

After the French and Indian war settlers begin pouring into the Ohio River Valley

and the southern part of the U.S. Although King George III signs the

Proclamation of 1763 outlawing settlement west of the Appalachians, the settlers ignore his law and push

further onto Indian lands.

How were American Indians forced off their lands?

Later, the U.S. government would sign treaties as well! They would sign

more than 400 treaties!

American Indians = *Taken by force

* Didn’t Understand the treaty

*Negotiated with a few members of the tribe

How were American Indians forced off their lands?

Signed Treaties•Treaty of Doak’s Stand (1820)- The U.S. signs a treaty with Pushmataha. His people don’t want to sign, but they know they will be forced off their lands (they are supposed to get land west of the Mississippi and have schools built in return)

By the way, we don’t have any rights in the

new United States!

Signed Treaties•Cherokee Treaty (1785) - The treaty guaranteed hunting grounds and established peace. It is broken in 1792 and 1796. The land is given to the states of Kentucky and Tennessee.

Signed Treaties

In 1830 President Andrew Jackson signs

the Indian Removal Act

Signed Treaties•In 1838 the Cherokee will be forced to leave their land and march west. The walk would become known as the “Trail of Tears.”

Trail of Tears (1838)

Cherokee- They are forced to move to “Indian Territory” in present day Oklahoma. This journey of several hundred miles becomes known as

the trail of tears. 16,000 are forced to move. 4,000 will die along the way from disease, weather, and hardship.

Trail of Tears (1838)

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

Cheyenne- Sand Creek Massacre.

1864- Friendly Cheyenne and

Arapaho indians are attacked by 700

Colorado militiamen and U.S soldiers. More than 100 indians are killed and mutilated

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)Cheyenne- Sand Creek Massacre.

“I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ...”

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

Originally located near the Great Lakes, the

Lakota are pushed off their land in the early

1700s by settlers.

They settle in parts of North

and South Dakota

Wounded Knee Massacre

Over the next two hundreds

years, the Lakota are forced off their land through

treaties and battles.

The bison they once followed, have almost been hunted to extinction by settlers

Wounded Knee MassacreThere is a disagreement between some

soldiers and Lakota in the camp. The U.S soldiers begin shooting and kill more

than 300 Lakota (most of which are women and children)

Wounded Knee Massacre1890-They are

escorted by the U.S cavalry to a

camp at Wounded Knee Creek

They are surrounded by 500 soldiers.

American Indian Massacres (1830-1900)•Not all American Indians signed treaties

•Many Indians protested in nonviolent ways

•Others tribes decided to fight the U.S government for their land

•In 1831 President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act