unit-3 outcomes of democracy sm
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UNIT: III- OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
CONTENT:
Accountable, Responsive an !e"iti#ate $ove%n#ent&
Reuction o' ine(ualit) an *ove%t)&
Acco##oation o' social ive%sit)&
Di"nit) an '%eeo# o' citi+en
Conclusion
SCO*E
The aim of this chapter is to build an understanding that right, freedom, equality &
accountability which are essential components of democracy provide the more
suitable conditions for people to enjoy a life with dignity and economic prosperity.
However in terms of outcome the idea of democracy does not bear the same fruits inall democratic systems. This is because the availability of political rights, education,
economic opportunities and will of political leaders varies in all democratic countries
e.g. democratic system in US and in western !uropean countries li"e U#,
$ermany, %rance etc. have been more successful in providing dignified life to their
citiens. Same is true for Scandinavian countries namely 'enmar", (orway, %inland
etc. and also for )apan whereas democracies li"e *angladesh lies on the other
e+treme. However democratic system in ndia, *rail and South frica has produced
mi+ed outcomes. lthough democracy offers opportunities for citiens for
participation and ta"ing part in policy ma"ing but its outcomes cannot be ta"en as for
granted because every country has different group of peoples and they influence
public policies in different manner. So outcome of democracy in different countries
are different.
'emocracy as a form of government is a rule based on the consent of the people.t
implies that the ultimate authority of the government is vested in the common people
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so that the policy is made to conform to the will of the people and to serve the
interest of the people.
Tis capte% is o%"ani+e as 'ollos
Section- .- -ecent trends in democratisation and recognied the need to evaluate the
functioning of 'emocracy.
Section- / -ole played by democracy in reduction of /overty.
Section -0- cquire "nowledge as to how democracy helps in accommodation of social
diversity.
Section-1 nalyses the conditions under which democracies promote dignity and freedom
of individuals.
Section- 2 'raws conclusions and spells out implications for policy.
OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
ACCOUNTA3!E, RES*ONSI4E AND !E$ITIMATE $O4ERNMENT
Accountable 'emocracy ensures that decision ma"ing will be based on norms and
procedures and if anybody wants to "now if the decision is ta"en through the correct
procedure or not he0she can find it out because in democracy people have the right
and means to e+amine the procedure of decision ma"ing. This is "nown as
Transparency. (ondemocratic government does not provide this feature. So, if we
are trying to find out the 1utcomes of democracy we must accept that democracy is
a type of government that follows procedure and is acceptable to the people. t also
develops a mechanism for citiens to ta"e part in decision ma"ing.
How can we say that democracy produces an accountable government2
3Accountabilitymeans that if you are accountable to someone for something that
you do then you are responsible for it and must be prepared to justify your actions.
'emocracy produces a responsible government because public officials can finallybe held accountable for their actions. t further creates condition for responsible
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government in the sense that its actions are open to scrutiny and criticism by the
legislative that has ability to remove it from power.
Government responsiveness to mass preferences is fundamental to most
conceptions of democracy. f someone or something is responsive then he0she
reacts quic"ly and favorably. n this matter democratic government is always ready
to react quic"ly and in favor of the people than any other type of the government.
4e all e+pect that the democratic government would be attentive to the needs and
demands of the people and it should be largely free of corruption but it is not fair to
e+pect such a high degree of quality because other forms of the government are also
not free of corruption as 5r.)awahar 6al (ehru says 7'emocracy is good. say thisbecause other systems are worse8.
'emocratic government is certainly better than its alternatives. This government is
legitimate and it is people9s own government. That is why everybody supports the
idea of democracy.
!e"iti#ac): The concept of legitimacy entails justification in terms of the prescribed
norms and procedures. The term 36egitimacy9 has been derived from the 6atin wordlegitimarameaning 3to declare lawful9. t broadly means rightfulness to secure
legitimacy the $ovt. has to justify its actions in terms of law. This ensures the social
acceptance and effective implementation of rules, policies and decisions.
5A6& E4A!UATION OF DEMOCRACY
ccording to braham 6incoln 'emocracy is a 7Government of the people, for the
people and by the people.ll governments claim that they are the 3government of
the people9 but most of the governments "eep people under control to raise ta+es
from them in order to run machinery of the government and to prevent the integrity
and security of the country against all forces inside and outside the country.
'emocratic government is a better government as it promotes equality among
citizens, enhances the dignity of individuals, improves the equality of decision
making, provides a method to resolve conflicts and allows room to correct mistake.
The outcomes of democracy may differ from nation to nation because it depends
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upon the social situations, economic achievements and the culture of the nation. *ut
it produces: Accountable, Responsive an, le"iti#ate "ove%n#ent
The most important outcome of
democracy is that it produces a
government that is accountable to
citiens. Since democracy is
based on the idea of deliberation
and negotiations decision ma"ingmay ta"e some time. n
democracy decision ma"ing is
based on norms and procedures,
its decisions will be more
acceptable and effective for the
people. The following measure
can be helpful in measuring
favourable outcomes of
democracy
;. -egular, free and fair elections
itien9s right to information about the governments and its functioning
Source : /olitical Science by (.'. rora ?Tata 5c$raw Hill@
.
DEMOCRACY IN USA
The United States has been supporting democracy abroad for many decades. %rom
4oodrow 4ilson9s efforts following 4orld 4ar to the reconstruction of $ermany
Conitions essential 'o% te success o'
De#oc%ac).
Social: Social justice, social unity,
social education.
!conomic: !conomic equality &
economic security.
/olitical: n atmosphere of liberty,
equality, justice, rule of law, periodic
and free elections, free press impartial
judiciary, rights and liberties of people.
5oral: 'uty bound, concern for
common interest, honestyfor the ruler
and the ruled.
ntellectual: >ommon sense, toleration,
openness, adaptiveness, fle+ibility
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and )apan after 4orld 4ar , U.S. policyma"ers have aimed to create a world of
democratic nations. 'uring the >old 4ar and the current war on terrorism, efforts to
foster democracy have been inconsistent or have clashed with other strategic goals,
but the U.S. commitment to the growth of democracy abroad has been repeatedly
e+pressed. 1ver the past
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*angladesh more than half of the population lives in poverty and the situation is not
very encouraging in ndia and *rail. 4hereas result are mi+ed in nature in ndia and
Srilan"a
However, democracy has almost eliminated poverty in US and 4estern !uropean
countries. n democratic setup only !conomic inequality and disparity in society can
be minimied, poverty and unemployment could be chec"ed. n various democracies
3-ight to employment9 is given to its citiens.
*%actice: 7o%8seet II
ACCOMMODATION OF SOCIA! DI4ERSITY
lmost every country in the world is a
heterogeneous society. /eople differ from
each other in terms of cast, religion, race and
language etc. nd democracy considered
being the most suitable form of government to
accommodate various diversities because in
democracy equal rights and opportunities are
given to every citien
%igure ountries are facing problem in recogniing the maintenance of
group difference and formation of ethnoculture and religious communities. (ew type
of culture has emerged in the world which is called 3#ulticultu%alis#
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t leads to welfare dependency
!migrants do not feel the responsibility.
t focuses on the cultural right of groups rather than the rights of an individual.
t concentrates on 3ethniccultu%alis#
The social diversity can be accommodated by
Mutual Acco##oation
5ulticulturalism can be achieved to mutual
accommodation but it cannot be achieved
within a day because in this process the
debate on recognition, family, relations,
women and children will also arise. t is
desirable that all the cultures should
participate in creation of climate of trust and
brotherhood. 'emocracy in ndia has been
evolving in positive direction in terms of
multicultural values.
%igure =.
*%actice: 7o%8seet III
DI$NITY AND FREEDOM OF TE CITI=ENS
!very society is different in terms the religions followed,
language spo"en and the culture of the people. There can be
people of different castes, cultures, and religion in a country,
but it is only in a democracy that equal treatment is given to all
the individuals. 'emocracy accommodates all the social
diversity by guaranteeing dignity and freedom to all the
citiens.
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Source: $oogle mages
Ta"e for e+ample the case of women. %or a long time, they were denied equal
rights, justice, dignity and freedom, but democracy has ensured all these to
women. (ow the principle of individual freedom and dignity has a legal as well as
a moral force.
Ta"e another e+ample the conflict among various ethnic groups are minimied
by giving them adequate representation in the government in different parts of the
world it is also ensured that the rule of the majority is not by those who are in
majority just in a number. The majority group needs to wor" in harmony with the
minority group to ensure that interest and concern of every group are representedin the government.
5a6 E(ualit) o' 7o#en
%igureE%or societies which have been built for long on the basis of subordination and
domination, it is not a simple matter to recognie that all individuals are equal. Ta"e
the case of dignity of women. 5ost societies across the world were historically male
dominated societies. 6ong struggles by women have created some sensitivity today
that respect to and equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients of a
democratic society. That does not mean that women are actually always treated with
respect. *ut once the principle is recognised, it becomes easier for women to wage a
struggle against what is now unacceptable legally and morally. n a nondemocratic
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set up, this unacceptability would not have legal basis because the principle of
individual freedom and dignity would not have the legal and moral force there.
Efforts to fight inequality
4orld bodies have defined gender equality in terms of human rights, especially
womenFs rights, and economic development. !"#E$ defines gender equality as
%leveling the playing field for girls and &omen by ensuring that all children
have equal opportunity to develop their talents.%
The United (ations /opulation %und has declared that women have a right to
equality. GGender equity% is one of the goals of the United (ations 5illennium
/roject, to end world poverty by
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RI$TS IN TE CONSTITUTION OF SOUT
AFRICA
E(ualit)
!veryone is equal before the law and has
the right to equal protection and benefit of
the law.
u#an i"nit)
!veryone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and
protected
!i'e
!veryone has the right to life.
F%eeo# an secu%it) o' te pe%son
!veryone has the right to freedom and security of the person, which includes
the right
!veryone has the right to bodily and psychological integrity, which includes the
right Slave%), se%vitue an 'o%ce labou%,(o one may be subjected to
slavery, servitude or forced labour.
*%ivac)
!veryone has the right to privacy
F%eeo# o' %eli"ion, belie' an opinion
!veryone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and
opinion.
-eligious observances may be conducted at state or stateaided institutions,
provided that
F%eeo# o' e>p%ession
!veryone has the right to freedom of e+pression, which includes
freedom of the press and other media
freedom to receive or impart information or ideas
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freedom of artistic creativity and
cademic freedom and freedom of scientific research.
FUNDAMENTA! RI$TS IN CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
%undamental -ights in constitution of ndia has granted
citiens of the country to live with dignity and freedom.
%undamental rights of the citiens are too liberal that
there is too little that a citien of this great country can
complain about. %undamental rights are protected by
Supreme >ourt.
There are (") fundamental rightsin the constitution of ndia and they are
L-ight to equality ?rticles ;M;I@
L-ight to freedom ?rticles ;N
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c@ !reedom to form associations or unions: /eople have rights to form
associations or unions and continue them.
'$ !reedom of %ovement and residence: !nsures every citien the freedom to
move anywhere in the country.
e$ !reedom of &eside and settle: $uaranties every citien the freedom to settle in
any part of the country.
f@ !reedom of rofession: !very citien is free to practice any profession, any
occupation, trade or business.
L#ultural and educational rights
$uarantees the rights of any sections of citiens residing in any part of ndia
having language, scripts or culture of its own, to conserve the same.
L+ight to constitutional remedies
a@ $rants freedom to move the Supreme >ourt in case of violation of fundamental
rights.
*@ Supreme >ourt to issue writs for enforcement of any of the rights
So#e i#po%tant 'una#ental %i"ts "ua%antee b) i''e%ent constitutions
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- Every person has the right to an adequate standard of living and the continuous improvement
of living conditions.
-Every person has the right to the highest level of physical and mental health, and rights to
access all resources needed to maintain a high level of health including:
The right to adequate food and nutrition
The right to clean water
The right to sanitation
The right to health care
-Every person has the right to an education directed to the full development of the humanpersonality.
Rights that directly relate to economic growth and development include:
-The right to adequate work and appropriate working environment. Meaning every person has
the right to work and receive a fair monetary wage for work.
-The right to work in a safe environment.
-The right to equal pay for equal work with no difference based on se! or race.
"umans have the right to participate in making decisions regarding their right to development
through:
-The right to self-determination. This right includes free political opinion and the ability to
choose how each person wishes to pursue his#her own economic! social and cultural
development.
-The right to dispose of wealth and resources however they see fit! and no person can be
deprived of his#her means of subsistence.
-The right to technical and scientific knowledge especially in regard to improved production,
conservation and distribution of food.
-The right to information regarding the most efficient development and use of natural
resources.
-The right to enjoy the improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene to
maintain health and well-being.
-The right to be an active participant and beneficiary of the right to development.
The right to development strongly recognies that all people are equal and should be treated
equally in their access and enjoyment of resources and means to improve and continue
personal development.
$hildrenhave the right to a standard of living that promotes full development of their physical,
mental, spiritual and social capacities. !pecifically children have the right to have access to
nutrition, clothing, housing and an education that provides them with the tools needed to
sustain an adequate standard of living. "hildren have the right to protection from harsh
wor#ing conditions that interfere with their ability to enjoy any of the aforementioned rights,
and therefore limit their development.
%omenhave the right to wor# and enjoy equal pay, benefits, and opportunities for
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-ight to equal protectionunder the law
-ight to freedom of thought
-ight to freedom of speechand press
-ight to freedom of association
-ight to freedom of movementwithin the country -ight to votein general election
-ight to direct a childFs upbringing
-ight to privacy
-ight to marry
-ight to property
-ight to freedom of contractby parties with proportional bargaining power
*%actice: 7o%8seet I4 ? 4
Su##a%)
!+pectations from democracy also function as the criteria for judging any democratic
country. 4hat is most distinctive about democracy is that its e+amination never gets over. s
democracy passes one test, it produces another test. s people get some benefits of
democracy, they as" for more and want to ma"e democracy even better. That is why when
we as" people about the way democracy functions, they will always come up with more
e+pectations, and many complaints. The fact that people are complaining is itself a
testimony to the success of democracy: it shows that people have developed awareness and
the ability to e+pect and to loo" critically at power holders and the high and the mighty.
public e+pression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the democratic
project: it transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citien. 5ost
individuals today believe that their vote ma"es a difference to the way the government is run
and to their own selfinterest.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_protection -
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7ORSEET .
Accountable, Responsive an !e"iti#ate $ove%n#ent&
Multiple Coice 9uestions
;. The basic outcome of democracy is that it produces a government that is
a. ccountable to the citiens
b. ccountable to the monarch
c. ccountable to the dictator
d. none
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c. ineffective
d. none
=. 'emocracy is based on the idea of OOOOOOOOOO and OOOOOOOOOOOOO.
a. deliberation and negotiation
b. (egotiation and discussions.
c. discussions and deliberations
d. none
M. 'emocracies ensure that decision ma"ing will be based on.
a. (orms and /rocedures
b. (ormal /rocedures
c. (orms of the $overnment
d. (one
A. 'emocratic government developsOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO for citiens to hold the
government ccountable.
a. 5echanism
b. 5achinery
c. 1rganiation
d .(one
7ORSEET II- Reuction o' Ine(ualit) an *ove%t)&
So%t Anse%-I
;. -elate democracy and political equality.
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
7ORSEET I4: Di"nit) an '%eeo# o' citi+en
!on" Anse% T)pe
;. ssess the conditions of women of women in various societies of the world.
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
= . 'iscuss the ways by which democracy can be strengthened.
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
4or"sheet J
'iscuss the following quotes in your class and write your opinion on the statements
;. 4e e+pect anything and everything from democracies but if some of our
e+pectations are not met, we start blaming the idea of democracy.
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A. 'emocracy is remedy to all problems.
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29
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7/27/2019 Unit-3 Outcomes of Democracy SM
30/31
CBSE-i
CLASS X- POLITCAL SCIENCE
STUDENTS MANUAL
30
-
7/27/2019 Unit-3 Outcomes of Democracy SM
31/31
CBSE-i
CLASS X- POLITCAL SCIENCE
STUDENTS MANUAL
7E3 REFERENCE
Sou%ce : Fi"u%e . http:00www.thp.org0node0;K=I
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