unit 3: photosynthesis & cellular...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 3: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Monday/Tuesday Wednesday/Thursday Friday
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Monday/Tuesday Wednesday/Thursday Friday
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Monday/Tuesday Wednesday/Thursday Friday
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Name:__________________________________
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Monday/Tuesday Wednesday/Thursday Friday
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Monday/Tuesday Wednesday/Thursday Friday Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Goals:
-5: Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical
energy.
-7: Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of
food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and bonds in new compounds are formed resulting
in a net transfer of energy.
-3: Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of
energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
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Vocab:
Aerobic respiration: A cellular process that requires oxygen to produce energy from organic
compounds.
Anaerobic respiration: A cellular process that does NOT require oxygen to produce energy
from organic compounds.
Electron transport chain: Uses high energy electrons to convert ADP to ATP.
Krebs (Citric Acid Cycle: Uses pyruvic acid from glycolysis to generate energy during the
process of aerobic respiration
Cellular respiration: Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food
molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP
Light dependent: The first stage of photosynthesis occurring in the thylakoid membranes that
captures energy from light and drives the production of ATP
Light independent (Calvin): A chemical reaction that convert carbon dioxide and other
compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a
chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes
Glycolysis: First stage of cellular respiration that break downs glucose releasing energy and
pyruvic acid
Photosynthesis: Process by which plants use light energy to convert water and carbon
dioxide into oxygen and sugar
ATP: Energy molecule that all cells use to store and release energy
Chlorophyll: A pigment in the chloroplast of plants that captures light energy.
Stroma: Liquid outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplast. Location of the Calvin Cycle
Thylakoid: Stacks of sac-like membranes in chloroplast. Location of light dependent reaction
Fermentation: Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen. Two types:
Lactic acid and alcoholic
Roots: Underground organ in plants that absorbs water and minerals
Stems: Supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients
between them
Leaves: Portion of the plant that is responsible for photosynthesis
Flowers: Seed bearing structure of the plant
Dermal Tissue: Outer tissue of the plant, made of epidermal cells
Ground Tissue: Middle tissue, important for photosynthesis, storage and support
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Vascular Tissue: Plant tissue that conducts water and nutrients throughout the plant
Xylem: Vascular tissue that carries water upward from roots
Phloem: Vascular tissue that carries nutrients and carbohydrates from photosynthesis
AUTOTROPH vs. HETEROTROPH
Autotroph:________________________________________________________________
o Example: Plants
Heterotroph:______________________________________________________________
o Example: Humans
ATP
Stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
Store energy:_________________
Release energy:_______________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Uses the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars
and oxygen
Equation:
Leaf Importance: Acts as a specialized system for photosynthesis
Tissues:
__________________: Outermost covering of the leaf, waxy
__________________: Transport system that moves nutrients in and out of the cell
*Xylem & Phloem
__________________: Lie between the dermal and vascular tissue
__________________: Responsible for growth
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Which organelle do plants use to get energy from the sun?
*Chloropyll:__________________________________________________________________
Stoma:_____________________________________________________________________
o This is how plants get CO2 and O2 in and out
o Plural is _________________
o Consist of two guard cells
They control ________________ & _________________
Remain open if __________________________________
Label the Stomata, Epidermal Cell and Guard Cell
Electron carriers: NADP+ & FADH
o Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Used for electron transport
In the space below, sketch how NADP+ acts as an electron carrier
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STEPS OF Photosynthesis
Step 1: Light-Dependent reactions
o Use energy from light to _____________________________________________________
o 3 steps:
1.
2.
3.
o Photosystem II: ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
1. Energized electrons
2. Hydrogen ions (H+)
3. Oxygen (O2)
Photosystem II
o Electron Transport Chain:__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Electron Transport Chain
Label A, B & C in the diagram:
A:________________________
B:________________________
C:________________________
Label A, B & C in the diagram:
A:________________________
B:________________________
C:________________________
Label D in the diagram:
D:_________________________
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o Photosynthesis I:
Electrons get re-energized
___________________________________________________________________
Photosystem I
Light-Dependent Reactions
How to get ATP from the Light-Dependent reactions?
o __________________________________________________________________
o They flow through a pump called ____________________ and make ATP
Label E, F, G & H in the diagram:
E:_________________________
F:_________________________
G:_________________________
H:_________________________
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Step 2: Calvin Cycle
o Uses _____________ & ______________ from light-dependent reactions to make
high-energy sugars
o ___________________ enter the cycle
o ___________(gives energy) goes in & _____________(donates electrons) goes in
o __________________ exits the cycle
What are some things that can limit photosynethsis?
1.
2.
3.
Review:
1. What are the two steps in photosynthesis?
i.
ii.
2. What are the 3 components of step 1 in photosynthesis?
i.
ii.
iii.
Label the arrows going in and out of
the Calvin Cycle
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Interpretation summary: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Cell Respiration:
o Releases energy by ________________________________ in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic
o Responsible for most of our stored energy
o __________________________________!
o Equation:
o Step 1: Glycolysis
One molecule of glucose -> two molecules of __________________________
Release _______________ & ________________
DRAW
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o Step 2: Krebs Cycle
___________________ is broken down into CO2
High energy electrons are picked up by carriers and taken to
_________________________________________________
DRAW
o Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
Uses electrons from Krebs cycle to _______________________________________
ATP synthase
O2 is the final electron acceptor…makes ______________
Most amount of ____________ is made in this step
DRAW
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
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FERMENTATION
Release food energy from food molecules by making _______________ without ___________
o ___________________ (without oxygen)
Two types:
o
o
___________________________:
o Yeast and other microorganisms
Products are ______________________ & ___________________ as waste
o Causes bread dough to rise
o _______________ amount of ATP is made
o Equation:
___________________________: converting pyruvic acid into lactic acid
o Examples:
o ________________ amount of ATP is made
o Equation:
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration
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TEST REVIEW
1. Give an example of an autotroph:
2. Give an example of a heterotroph:
3. In addition to light & chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires:
4. The products of photosynthesis are:
5. What organelle contains chlorophyll?
6. The first process in the light-dependent reactions is:
7. Which substance from the light-dependent reactions are a source of energy for the Calvin
cycle?
8. The Calvin cycle is also called:
9. Use the analogy of a battery to explain how energy is stored and release from ATP:
10. Sketch and label the structures of a chloroplast:
11. What 3 factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
12. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
13. Label the components of photosynthesis
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14. The first step in releasing energy from glucose in the cell is called:
15. The process of releasing energy from food in the presence of oxygen is called:
16. What organisms can perform cellular respiration?
17. Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be:
18. The Krebs cycle takes place within the:
19. The electron transport chain uses high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to :
20. How is glucose changed during glycolysis? What products are produced as a result?
21. What are the 2 pathways that might follow glycolysis? What factor determine which of
those pathways the cell should follow?
22. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
23. Sketch and label the parts of a mitochondria:
24. Sketch and label the process of cellular respiration: