unit 3- question 2 - purpose booklet

8/2/2019 Unit 3- Question 2 - Purpose Booklet

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GCSEHistoryUnit3

ExamPractice

Booklet

Question2:Purpose

Humanities


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Question 2: Analysis of purpose

The second question in your exam is asking you to analyse the purpose of a

source.

What is meant by the purpose of a source? This means why was the source produced?

What is the source trying to make you think or do? In other words its

message!

Think about the different types of source and their possible purpose

Type of source Possible purpose

Speeches Because the speaker wants people to do something.(vote/demonstrate/accept)

Adverts Usually intended to persuade people to buy

something.

Posters For propaganda purposes to get you to support a

certain view or turn you against the other side.

Photographs To give you a particular (often narrow and even

distorted) view of an event in order to get your

support or turn you against.

Cartoons To turn you against a person or event by ridicule and

exaggeration but this can be the opposite as oftenseen during WW2.

Developing purpose analysis skills

These are some activities that you could attempt outside of school to develop

purpose analysis skills:

Look at television adverts. Try to identify the purpose of the advert. Is it

trying to simply sell you a product (a vacuum for example Dyson) or does it

want you to help someone (give aid Christian Aid) or stop you from doing

something (smoking government warning ad)

What is its message? In other words, what is it saying/showing that they

think will make you buy/give/stop?

Look at newspaper or magazine adverts; try to identify the purpose of the

advert.

Listen to speeches on television; what are they trying to get you to think?

Look at photographs; those that friends post on face-book for example

what image/message do you think they are trying to present of themselves?


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How to answer purpose analysis questions

In this type of question you are being asked to:

1. Make inferences about the source. What is it suggesting about the

person or event? What message is it trying to get across?2. What evidence from the source supports this?

3. What is its purpose? Why is it trying to put across this message? What

is it trying to make you think or do?

4. Use evidence from the source and your contextual knowledge of the

event, person and/or who produced the source to fully explain its

purpose.

Message

What message is this

poster trying to get

across?

What evidence

identifies this?

Purpose

What was the purpose

of the poster?

Why is it giving this

message?

Own Knowledge

Can you use your own

knowledge to explain

the purpose of

publishing this poster?

Source B: A

governmentposter of

January

1940.


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Study Source B

Why was this poster published?

Use details of the poster and your own knowledge to explain your answer.

Purpose planning writing grid

The following table will help you to plan your answer using the details of the poster

and your own knowledge.

The source suggests that

The message of the source is

I know this because

The purpose of the source is

I know this because the source

I also know this because from my own knowledge

Student marking exercise 2: analysis of purpose

These are two sample answers for the question above.


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Try to mark these sample answers using this simplified mark scheme:

See answer at back of booklet

Level Descriptor Marks

1 Simple StatementThese are generalised statements without

support from source or detailed contextual

knowledge.

1-2

2 Supported statement.

These are statements which identify the

message of the source and give details in

support from the content or context of the

source.

3-5

3 Explained purpose.

Analysis of the treatment or selection of the

source content is used to explain the message

and its intention. Purpose is distinct from

message. Purpose is what the message is

designed to achieve.

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Student C

The message of Source B is that the mothers should keep their children in

the countryside rather than sending them back to the towns and cities.

This message is put across with an image of a mother and her children in a

pleasant country scene. However, the figure of Hitler is encouraging herto take them back to the town or city whilst the poster warns them

against this.

Student D

Source B shows a mother sitting in a field in the countryside with her

children. She is being told by a figure which represents Hitler to send her

children back to the town or city. The poster has a warning which is Dontdo it mother. Leave the children where they are.


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Watch out!When asked about the purpose of a source, do not confuse message with

purpose. The purpose of a source is the effect the person who produced it

wants it to have.

The message of source B could be bringing children back the city is dangerous

and only helps Hitler. The purpose of the source is to persuade mothers, in

particular, to leave their children where they are.

This poster was produced in order to encourage

parents (and particularly mothers) not to bring

their children home from the countryside where

they had been evacuated.

The poster was published in early 1940 afterBritain had declared war on Germany but before

any real fighting had occurred. At the beginning of

the war there was great fear in Britain of the

threat of German bombing and so the government

encouraged parents to evacuate their children to

the safety of the countryside. However, as the

threat of German bombing did not initially

materialise, mothers began bringing their children

home.

It shows a mother with her children sitting in the

countryside and the ghostly figure behind her of

Hitler encouraging her to bring them back to the

cities by pointing towards the distant city in the

background.

It suggests that the government were very

concerned that mothers were thinking of

bringing their children home - as shown by the

thoughtful expression on the mothers face,

finger to her lips - and that bringing them home

would be dangerous and only helping Hitler.

It also suggests that the children are not only

safer in the country but are happy. This is

shown by the happy, smiling faces of the

children in the poster, content in their

evacuation.

Statement

ofPurpose

Description

ofsourceas

evidenceofmessage

Message

ofsource

Contextual

knowledge

toexplain

purposeof

source


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Invariably, a purpose question will be based around one of the five types of

evidence listed at the beginning of this booklet. These were:

Speeches / adverts / posters / paintings / photographs / cartoons

Lets look at an example of each.

What was the purpose of this speech? (8)

Source CThis is part of a speech by Labour MP, George Lansbury, in a debate in Parliament on the

4 November 1932 discussing the new National Governments 10% cut in benefit rates.

Purpose:

Trying to persuade the government to think again about cutting benefits to theunemployed.

Message:The cost of unemployment cannot be measured simply by how much you pay them

in benefits.

Own knowledge:The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and subsequent economic depression in Britain

meant the Government was desperate to save money. However, the depression

meant more and more people became unemployed and claiming unemployment

benefit. The government felt obliged to cut benefits to cover the cost of more

people being on it.

Your turn:Put this all together along with evidence from the source to produce an answer.

The cost of unemployment, the 600 million or so, is a fraction of the real costof unemployment to this nation. There is the cost to families and to individuals;

all their savings poured out and gone. You cannot starve people (although it is

self-starvation for many now). I appeal to the Government. We think the

amounts are too low, and should be increased. It is said we cannot afford it. We

cannot afford the physical, mental and moral deterioration to the people who

cannot live on what is provided.


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What was the purpose of the photograph shown in Source D? (8)

Source DA milkman delivering milk in a London street devastated during a German bombing raid.

Firemen are dampening down the ruins behind him.

Purpose:British Government was concerned that moral would drop therefore pictures like

this were designed to raise the moral of the British people at a time of great

struggle and loss.

Message:Despite the bombing of

homes and factories in

London and elsewhere

normal life still carries

on and people get on

with their jobs

(milkman, fireman in

background). Tea was

essential to keep the

British spirit high so the

milkman is very

important.

Own knowledge:German bombers and V1

and V2 rockets heavily

bombed the city of

London, and other cities.

The devastation was

huge with a great loss

of life. The Blitz could

have sapped the British people of their will to fight the Nazis, particularly inthe early years of the war. The Ministry of Information knew from their Mass

Observation surveys that the bombing affected people so any pictures that

showed it wasnt disrupting the British way of life were important pieces of

propaganda.

Your turn:Put this all together along with evidence from the source to produce an answer.


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What was the purpose of David Lows cartoon? (8)

Source EDavid Low Cartoon, Published in The Evening Standard on May 14, 1940. Winston

Churchill became prime Minister on 10 May 1940

Purpose:Newspaper cartoon designed to raise moral and bring confidence to the British

people at a time of great uncertainty.

Message:That the British people were behind Winston Churchill

That we were all in this together

That the whole country was united behind a man of the people

That each of us was as important as the other

Own knowledge:Churchill came to power on a popular wave of optimism that he would be able to

take Britain forward and meet the challenge of Hitlers invasion of France that

had happened on the same day he came to power. Churchill never shied away

from telling the British people how it was and his speeches were often honest

and blunt. The individuals immediately behind Churchill are well known politicians

from all the political parties.

Your turn:Put this all together along with evidence from the source to produce an answer


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Now its your turn to have a go from scratch!

What purpose would the artist have had in painting this? (8)

Source F


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What was the purpose of this poster? (8)

Source G: A government poster of 1940


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Source H:Rosie the Riveter Poster: A Woman Working in a Factory in World War II.

Rosie the Riveter was the name given the iconic image representing women in

the home front war effort, World War II


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Why would the censor allow this cartoon to be published? (8)

Source I:Cartoon by David Low for the Evening Standard, dated 18th June 1940 (just after the

fall of France). The British soldier shakes his fist at the Luftwaffe bombers and the

caption reads: 'Very well, Alone!'


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Source J:A wartime poster showing an air-raid warden advising a young boy in front of the remains

of a bomb damaged building; the message below the picture reads 'leave this to us sonny

- you ought to be out of London'


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What was the purpose of this booklet? (8)

Source K:From instructions for American Servicemen in Britain, a booklet issued by the

US War Office for soldiers going to fight in Britain in 1942.

British women officers have stuck to their posts near burning ammunition

dumps. They have delivered messages on foot after being blown off their

motorcycles. Theyve pulled airmen from burning planes. Theyve died at gun

posts and, as they fell, another girl has stepped up and carried on. Theyve

won the right to the utmost respect. When you see a girl in uniform with a

ribbon on the tunic, remember she didnt get it for knitting more socks than

anyone else in Ipswich.

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Student marking exercise 2:

analysis of purpose Level

Reason How could the

answer be

improved?

Student C 2 The student

gives themessage of the

source and

supports it with

evidence from

the poster.

Analyse the

purpose of thesource. What is

it trying to make

people think or

do? Support this

with contextual

knowledge.

Student D 1 The student

describes what

the sourceshows. There is

knowledge but it

is not used to

evaluate the

source.

Make inferences

about the source

and explain themessage it is

trying to get

across using

evidence from

the poster.

unit 3- question 2 - purpose booklet

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