unit 3—world war ii learning goal #2—the european theater · 2013. 2. 26. · el alamein •...

Unit 3—World War II Learning Goal #2—The European

Theater

Mr. Mac February 25, 2013

http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_28_643.gif

Map 27.1: Changes in Central Europe, 1936-1939

www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/PowerPoint_Lectures/chapter27/chapter27.ppt

Overview

• Beginnings of the war • Where are the battles • Who won • What did that battle set up

Treaty of Versailles

• The treaty that ended WW I • Called for Germany to repay countries for

their loses

• Required Germany to give up land • Said that Germany was the blame • Basically, it humiliated Germany

Hitler begins his move

• Hitler helps to organize the Nazi party • Begins his political career • He realizes his potential and seeks further

advancement

• Power takes over--his speaking ability allowed him to appeal to the masses

• Began to assassinate people for more power • 1933-- chancellor of Germany

Benito Mussolini

• Takes full power in 1922 • Vowed to keep the trains on time and received

the people’s trust

• Leader of the Fascist party • Denounced the parliament and other

government positions

• Declared himself ruler of Italy

Germany rebuilds

• According to Versailles, Germany was not allowed to build a military

• Hitler rebuilt any way and help build morale in Germany

• Also, the factories and businesses thrived off of the new industry

• The rest of the world tries “Appeasement” toward Germany

The move of Germany

• March 1936 • Germany invades the Rhinelands • Rhinelands are a vital agricultural area where

both the French and German people live

• Used to belong to the Germans

Germans move again

• March 1938 • Germany takes Austria and Czechlosovkia • Claimed that they were Germanic people and

belonged to Germany

• Rebuilds faith and trust among the people of Germany

A Deal?

• Germans offer a pact with Russia • Claims that they will not fight each other • Signed in August of 1939 • Hitler and Stalin • Was this a precursor of what was to come?

The Start of WW II

• Germany invades Poland in Sept. of 1939 • The France and England are outraged by this

attack--declare war

• Soviets join the invasion of Poland • The Athenia sunk by U-boat starts the battle

of the Atlantic

Germany Invades Poland

Just before dawn today, German tanks, infantry and cavalry penetrated Polish territory on several fronts with five armies, a total of 1.5 million troops.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3506000/3506335.stm Once a strategic target had been selected, Stuka dive bombers were sent in to ‘soften’ up the enemy, destroy all rail lines, communication centers and major rail links. This was done as the German tanks were approaching and the planes withdrew only at the last minute so that the enemy did not have time to recover their senses when the tanks attacked supported by infantry.

The U.S. Role?

• The U.S. claim neutrality • Still follows the isolation policy • U.S. does lend a hand to the British and

French forces

• The Lend Lease Act-- sent provisions to the Ally powers

Blitzkrieg

• A German fighting style • Starts with planes and bombers • Then artillery and tanks • Then the troops are sent to “clean up” the

situation

• Extremely fast and furious assault

The Axis power

• 1940- 1941 • Axis powers invade France, Belgium, Denmark

and other European countries

• Also, the Axis begins their world domination by taking North Africa

• What countries are involved in North Africa • Was this a smart move?

A Truly World War

• Japan bombs U.S. • U.S. declares war on Japan • Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. • U.S. declares war on Germany and Italy • Allied powers declare war on Japan • Japan declares war on Allies

World War II in Europe Early War in Europe – 1940

• Germany invaded Denmark and Norway - April 1940 – Keep Britain from tightening blockade

• Germans launch attack of Netherlands, Belgium, and France - May 1940

– Outflanked the Maginot line – France falls June 1940

• Britain withdrew troops from Europe – Dunkirk - May, June 1940

• Royal Navy evacuated 337,000 Allied soldiers from France • Chamberlain resigned, Churchill new Prime Minister • British destroyed Vichy French fleet at Oran - July

1940

Maginot Line

faculty.washington.edu/neelyd/NSCI%20113/Lessons/Lesson%203%20-%20WWII%20Atlantic%201941-19

World War II in Europe Early War in Europe – 1940-41

• Battle of Britain - Summer 1940 – Operation Sea Lion - planned German invasion of

England

• Soviet annexation of Baltic States - June 1940 • Soviet invasion of Finland - November 1940 • German invasion of Soviet Union - June 1941

– Operation Barbarossa

Battle of Britain 10 July 1940 - Robert Taylor

Panzer drive in Operation Barbarossa

faculty.washington.edu/neelyd/NSCI%20113/Lessons/Lesson%203%20-%20WWII%20Atlantic%201941-19

World War II Chronology

• 1940 – U.S. places sanctions on Japan in Sept – U.S. trades destroyers for leases on British Naval and Air

bases in the Atlantic and Carribean – U.S. builds ships, planes and other war material – October – Selective Service adopted

• 1941 – Gilbraltar and Suez Canal

• Italy attacks North Africa while Germany drives through SE Europe – Italy failed, Germany succeeded in over running Romania, Bulgaria,

Yugoslavia and Greece. Aids Italy and drives the British our of Libya and now drives for oil in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia

nrotc.wisc.edu/course_files/ns_351/d8%20nsc%20311%20les%2034%20world%20war%20ii%20chronolo

World War II Chronology

• 1941 – Lend/Lease between U.S. and Britain and countries

thought important to the protection of the U.S. • April – U.S. Takes Greenland under its control • July – U.S. lands naval forces in Iceland

– June – Germany invades Russia • Italy, Hungary, Finland and Romania declare war on Russia • Great Britain and U.S. promise support to Russia • 2000 mile front (White Sea to Black Sea) • German attack

– From East Prussia, through Baltic states to Leningrad – Northern part of German Poland through White Russia to Moscow – Southern part of German Poland toward Kiev

nrotc.wisc.edu/course_files/ns_351/d8%20nsc%20311%20les%2034%20world%20war%20ii%20chronolo

European area

• Germany invades France and other western European countries

• Russia takes Finland • Germany also moves into Norway • Few countries stay neutral: Sweden and

Switzerland

• Who’s next?

Dunkirk The advancing German Army trapped the British and French armies on the beaches around Dunkirk. 330,000 men were trapped here and they were a sitting target for the Germans. Admiral Ramsey, based in Dover, formulated Operation Dynamo to get off of the beaches as many men as was possible. The British troops, led by Lord John Gort, were professional soldiers from the British Expeditionary Force; trained men that we could not afford to lose. From May 26th 1940, small ships transferred soldiers to larger ones which then brought them back to a port in southern Britain. The beach at Dunkirk was on a shallow slope so no large boat could get near to the actual beaches where the men were. Therefore, smaller boats were needed to take on board men who would then be transferred to a larger boat based further off shore. 800 of these legendary "little ships" were used. It is thought that the smallest boat to make the journey across the Channel was the Tamzine - an 18 feet open topped fishing boat now on display at the

Charles De Gaulle

Vichy France

When the German Army broke through at Sedan he was given command of the recently formed 4th Armored Division. With 200 tanks, de Gaulle attacked the German panzers at Montcornet on 17th May, 1940. Lacking air support, de Gaulle made little impact on halting the German advance. De Gaulle was more successful at Caumont (28th May) when he became the only French commanding officer to force the Germans to retreat during the German Invasion of France. On the 5th June, 1940, the French prime minister, Paul Reynaud, sacked Edouard Daladier and appointed de Gaulle as his minister of war. De Gaulle also visited London but when he returned to France on 16th June he discovered the Henri-Philippe Petain had ousted Paul Reynaud as premier and was forming a government that would seek an armistice with Germany. In danger of being arrested by the new French government, de Gaulle returned to England. The following day he made a radio broadcast calling for French people to continue fighting against the German Army. Whereas as President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the USA recognized Vichy France Winston Churchill refused and backed de Gaulle as leader of the "Free French". Henri-Philippe Petain responded by denouncing de Gaulle. On 4th July, 1940, a court-martial in Toulouse sentenced him in absentia to four years in prison. At a second court-martial on 2nd August, 1940, sentenced him to death.

England

• England safe because of English Channel? • Hitler wants England • Begins to bomb London to break morale • Uses incendiary bombs • Then uses V-1 rockets • Never tries to invade by troops

Battle of Britain

• Invasion planned but needed control of airspace 1st (Operation Sea Lion)

• RAF (Britain’s Royal Air Force) met German airforce (Luftwaffe)

• Invasion plan failed = terror-bombing • British cities “blitzed” by German bombers • Britains unwilling to give up – w/stand

attack & bombing

www.memorial.ecasd.k12.wi.us/.../jbrantner/ushistory/WWII/ppts/Europe%20Falls%20to%20the%20Naz

Battle of Britain • 900+ planes lost in 3

months

• Fighter pilot life expectancy measured in wks


The Blitz


North Africa

• Germany and Italy take most of North Africa • U.S. and Britain ally and fight after U.S. joins

the fight

• First allied invasion in Morocco and Algeria • Two front war in the desert • Fight for Africa ends in June of 1943

North African Campaign

Purposes: •Drive Axis powers out of North Africa and Middle East •Divert German forces from Russian Front

Strategy: Sandwich Afrikan Corp between British in East and Allied forces (including US) in West

www.salem.k12.va.us/staff/dturner/Chapter%2013.ppt%202005.ppt

http://www.iwojima.com/battle/index.htm�

The Panzer IV was the mainstay of the Afrika Corps and were needed in great numbers in the Western Desert

Erwin Rommel

Commander of the Nazi forces in North Africa

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El Alamein

• Field Marshall Rommel(Desert Fox) lost no time in driving deep into Egypt-his goal of the Suez Canal in sight. The British tried to stop his advance but their initial attempts were futile. Rommel destroyed British equipment and captured thousand’s of British troops. With so many prisoners, a lack of fuel, a need for fresh troops and equipment, Rommel paused to regroup. As a result it gave the British sufficient time to prepare another line of defence. It would be called “the El Alamein position”. The year was 1942. It would be the turning point in the Desert War. By January 1943, the British had defeated Rommel. There was no denying the victory by the British. It was the only great land battle won by the British without American help and with the German surrender at Stalingrad it marked the turning point of the war for the allies. They could now turn their attention to the invasion of Italy.

www.myndrs.com/teachers/rscott/History/powerpoints/Hist12-nn-greatbattles-WWII.ppt

Despite their partnership – Hitler and Stalin distrusted each other. (There is no honor

among thieves or dictators.)

•June1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union

•September 1941 – January 1944 German troops surround the city. The Siege of Leningrad - - lasted 872 days •December 1941 – German advance to Moscow – harshest winter in decades. The weather and the Soviets push them back.

German Aggression


Russia?

• Germany becomes frustrated with England • Puts focus on Russia • Begins to invade Russia • Pact is broken • Russia fights Germans but loses many; Russia

burns fields and kills animals as they retreat--Why?

Barbarossa

• On Sunday 22nd June 1941, during the small hours of the morning, German soldiers totalling 3,300,000 men began their invasion of Russia.

• They brought with them 3,350 tanks, 7,184 artillery pieces, 600,000 vehicles, 625,000 horses and 2,000 aircraft – all ready to begin “Operation Barbarossa”.

• They were supported by the German Navy, the Finnish army, Rumanian armies and Italian, Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian and Spanish units.

• This campaign was intended to destroy the Soviet Union.


Stalingrad • After the German failure in 1941 to capture Russia, the

Germans thought a fresh effort in the summer of 1942 would finally see them victorious. They would attack Stalingrad. They would bring with them 2,000,000 men.

• It’s purpose was to shut down Stalin’s vital supply lines through the Caucasus and along the Don and Volga rivers, thereby effectively cutting him off both from the Caucasus oilfields and from Western Lend Lease aid coming in through Persia.

• To win this battle would have forced the Russians to sue for peace. Instead the unthinkable happened, they lost. Their entire 6th. Army of 300,000 men was lost, with enormous additional casualties.


High tide of Axis expansion in Europe and north Africa, 1942-1943

www.wsu.edu/~appleton/gened111/c37.ppt

http://www.wsu.edu/~appleton/gened111/c37.ppt�http://www.wsu.edu/~appleton/gened111/c37.ppt�

Time to Move

• Troops move from North Africa to Sicily and Italy

• Allies begin to fight and liberate • Montgomery and Patton • Sicily was first then the troops moved to

Southern Italy and began to move north

• Italy is liberated 1944

The European Theater of World War II, 1942-1945

http://www.prep.fairfield.edu/atschool/FacultyWebSites/rmauritz/The%20United%20States%20and%20the%20Second%20World%2

D-Day

• Led by Eisenhower • Allied invasion to begin

liberation of Europe • Five invasion points to

land on beaches and beat back German resistance

• Landed on French beaches code named: Omaha Utah Gold Juno Sword

• Watch clip from “Saving Private Ryan”

D-Day: The Invasion of Europe “Operation Overlord”

• June 6th. 1944, the Allies returned to Europe. It would be the greatest amphibious invasion ever mounted-156,000 Canadian, British, and American troops went ashore in 24 hrs. They were the beginning of 2,000,000 more. The German entrusted with stopping the invasion was Field Marshall Erwin Rommel. The Allied Supreme Commander for Operation “Overlord” was General Dwight D. Eisenhower. In a phrase that became history; “…for the Allies, as well as for Germany, it will be the longest day.”


Normandy-France


D-Day

• Operation Overlord • Secure the Normandy Coast for Allied Invasion • Area would provide the most direct overland route to Germany, also the most heavily fortified. • Sword = G.B. • Juno = Canada • Gold = G.B. • Omaha = U.S. • Utah = U.S.


Dropping In On Normandy


Allies on the move

• After D-Day, Allies begin to move back the German forces

• Russia joins the fight after defeating the Germans at Stalingrad

• Begins a two front war • Forces begin to take Italy, France and Russia

Battle of the Bulge

• Dec. 1944 through Jan. of 1945 • Some considered it the breaking point of the

Germans

• A severe battle that caused heavy casualties to both sides

• Known more for its tank battles • After battle, more heavy fighting occurred

The Battle of the Bulge

• The Battle of Ardennes, (Belgium) • 16 December 1944 – 25 January

1945 • German forces intended to split the

Allied line. • G.B. and U.S. had 83,000 men.

Germany over 200,000 • G.B. and U.S. • 80,987 casualties(10,276 dead,

23,218 missing, 47,493 wounded)

• Germany • 84,834 casualties

(15,652 dead, 27,582 missing, 41,600 wounded

• Allies keep moving into German Territory


Air Attack

• The air attack proved crucial to the fighting over Europe

• English and American bombers destroyed vital areas of the Germans to stop reproduction

• Note: The bombings however did not break the morale of either side like anticipated

• Tuskegee Airmen were some of the most famous fighters of the war

Naval Attacks

• The U-boat was the best weapon for the Germans

• Destroyed more cargo than bombers and severely hampered the assistance

• Note: Proved fatal to thousands of Germans as American and British ships were able to locate and destroy U-boats--

• Watch clip from movie “U-571” if possible

Fall of Berlin

• Berlin fell in May of 1945 • All allies met in Berlin • Hitler had committed suicide in April but no

body was found

• Many commanders were put on trial at Nuremberg after the war for war crimes

Holocaust

• Many troops liberated these camps • Often found people severely underweight • Most of the camps turned into death camps

after 1943

• Genocide • As mentioned, some were work camps, some

became experimental camps

• Watch a clip from “Schindler’s List”

A Concentration Camp

12 April 1945, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies; he is succeeded by his Vice-president, Harry S. Truman.


Germany Surrenders!

Victory in Europe

8 May 1945, V-E Day - Victory

in Europe is celebrated.


wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/577/590960/powerpoints/ppt/chp25

• April 1945, "United Nations" formed in San Francisco. • 28 April 1945, Benito Mussolini, and sixteen of Mussolini's body-guards are assassinated in the village of Giulino di Messegra, on Lake Como, Italy. • 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler, Eva Braun, Goebbels and his wife commit suicide in the bunker under the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany


Map of the Japanese Empire at its height in 1942.


Territorial Changes after World War II

www.mvhs.alpine.k12.ut.us/Mack%20Fieldsted/PowerPoint_Lectures/chapter27/chapter27.ppt

World War II Changes Everything

• Technology • Economy • Society • Foreign Policy

Unit 3—World War II�Learning Goal #2—The European Theater �Slide Number 2Map 27.1: Changes in Central Europe, 1936-1939OverviewTreaty of Versailles Hitler begins his moveBenito MussoliniGermany rebuildsThe move of GermanyGermans move againA Deal?The Start of WW IIGermany Invades PolandThe U.S. Role?BlitzkriegThe Axis powerA Truly World WarWorld War II in Europe�Early War in Europe – 1940World War II in Europe�Early War in Europe – 1940-41World War IIChronologyWorld War IIChronologyEuropean areaSlide Number 23Slide Number 24EnglandBattle of BritainBattle of BritainThe BlitzNorth AfricaSlide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33El AlameinSlide Number 35Russia?BarbarossaSlide Number 38StalingradSlide Number 40Time to MoveThe European Theater of World War II, 1942-1945D-DayD-Day: The Invasion of Europe�“Operation Overlord”Slide Number 45Normandy-FranceD-DayDropping In On NormandyAllies on the moveBattle of the BulgeThe Battle of the BulgeAir AttackNaval AttacksFall of BerlinHolocaustA Concentration CampSlide Number 57Slide Number 58Slide Number 59Slide Number 60Slide Number 61Slide Number 62 Territorial Changes after World War IIWorld War II Changes Everything

unit 3—world war ii learning goal #2—the european theater · 2013. 2. 26. · el alamein •...

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