UNIT 4 ANIMALSS T R U C T U R E & F U N C T I O N

Quick Questions on 10.1

• What are the categories of macromolecules you know of?

• What are the types of carbohydrates?

• What is hydrolysis?

• What are enzymes?

• (see p 402-405 of your textbook)

10.1 - The Roles of Water in our Body

• Flushing toxins from cells

• Lubricating tissues and joints

• Forming essential body fluids, such as blood & mucus

• Regulating body temperature (by sweating)

• Eliminating waste materials (in urine & sweat)

• Transporting dissolved nutrients into the cells that line the small intestine.

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

Calcium • Forming bone• Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Diary products

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

Calcium • Forming bone• Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Diary products

Iron • Producing hemoglobin Red meat

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

Calcium • Forming bone• Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Diary products

Iron • Producing hemoglobin Red meat

Magnesium • Supporting enzyme functions• Producing protein

Dark, leafy greens

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

Calcium • Forming bone• Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Diary products

Iron • Producing hemoglobin Red meat

Magnesium • Supporting enzyme functions• Producing protein

Dark, leafy greens

Potassium • Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Grains

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

Calcium • Forming bone• Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Diary products

Iron • Producing hemoglobin Red meat

Magnesium • Supporting enzyme functions• Producing protein

Dark, leafy greens

Potassium • Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Grains

Sodium • Conducting nerve signals• Balancing body fluid

Salt

10.1 - The Roles of Minerals

Mineral Key Function in Body Possible Sources

Calcium • Forming bone• Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Diary products

Iron • Producing hemoglobin Red meat

Magnesium • Supporting enzyme functions• Producing protein

Dark, leafy greens

Potassium • Conducting nerve signals• Contracting muscle

Grains

Sodium • Conducting nerve signals• Balancing body fluid

Salt

Q1) What mineral can you gain from cheese?

Q2) What minerals should you consume to improve your nerve signals?

10.1 - The Roles of Vitamins

Vitamin Key Function in Body Possible Sources

A (Carotene) • Good vision• Healthy skin & muscle tone

Fruit

B1 (Thiamine) • Metabolizing carbs• Growth & muscle tone

Beans

C • Healthy bones, teeth, gums• Boosting immune system

Fruit

D • Absorbing calcium• Forming bone

Fish

E • Strengthening red blood cell membranes

Fruit

10.1 - The Roles of Vitamins

Vitamin Key Function in Body Possible Sources

A (Carotene) • Good vision• Healthy skin & muscle tone

Fruit

B1 (Thiamine) • Metabolizing carbs• Growth & muscle tone

Beans

C • Healthy bones, teeth, gums• Boosting immune system

Fruit

D • Absorbing calcium• Forming bone

Fish

E • Strengthening red blood cell membranes

Fruit

Q1) What would you eat to strengthen your bones?

Q2) Which vitamin can help you avoid the dentist?

10.2 Our Digestive System

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus

Esophagus(bolus goes from mouth to stomach)

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus(bolus goes from mouth to stomach)

Liver

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus(bolus goes from mouth to stomach)

Liver(secretes bile/waste products which is sent to gall bladder to digest fats)

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder(Stores the bile between the meals)

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas(makes insulin, does protein digestion)

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach(J-shaped organ in which food is temporarily stored while chemical & mechanical digestion takes place)

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Small Intestine

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Small Intestine (Absorption of nutrients & minerals in food)

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Small Intestine

LargeIntestine

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Small Intestine

LargeIntestine(water absorption)

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Pancreas

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Pancreas

Small Intestine

LargeIntestine

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Rectum (site of eliminating feces)

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Pancreas

Small Intestine

LargeIntestine

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Rectum

Anus

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Pancreas

Small Intestine

LargeIntestine

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Rectum

Anus(dispose feces and other wastes)

Esophagus

Liver

GallBladder

Stomach

Pancreas

Small Intestine

LargeIntestine

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Rectum

Anus

Digestive OrgansAccessory Organs

10.2 Esophagus

Esophagus

Peristalsis

10.2 Esophagus

Esophagus:muscular tubethrough which food passes from mouth to stomach

Peristalsis

10.2 Esophagus

Esophagus:muscular tubethrough which food passes from mouth to stomach

Peristalsis:wave-like muscular contraction in esophagus

• A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place

10.2 Stomach

• A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place

• Stomach is lined up with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice – a mixture of water, salt, and acids that help stomach digest food

• What helps break down proteins? Not Pepsi .. But ..

10.2 Stomach

• A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place

• Stomach is lined up with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice – a mixture of water, salt, and acids that help stomach digest food

• Pepsin – enzyme in gastric juice that helps break down proteins

10.2 Stomach

• A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules

10.2 Small Intestine

• A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules

10.2 Small Intestine

• Nutrients are absorbed through membranes and they pass from the digestive system into the circulatory system which carries nutrients to cells & tissues throughout the body

• A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules

10.2 Small Intestine

• Nutrients are absorbed through membranes and they pass from the digestive system into the circulatory system which carries nutrients to cells & tissues throughout the body

• Small intestine has 3 components

10.2 Small Intestine

• Small intestine has 3 components

10.2 Small Intestine

A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach

• Small intestine has 3 components

10.2 Small Intestine

A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach

Breaks down remaining proteins & carbs

• Small intestine has 3 components

10.2 Small Intestine

A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach

Breaks down remaining proteins & carbs

Absorbs nutrients & pushes undigested material into large intestine

• Pancreas: secretes about 1 L of pancreatic fluid into duodenum everyday

• Pancreatic fluid contains - enzymes that chemically digest carbs, lipids & proteins

- bicarbonate that alters pH to maximize enzyme efficiency

• Liver: largest internal organ inside us (size of a football) and its main digestion-related secretion is bile

• Bile: a greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver to help digest fat

• Bile is then sent to the gall bladder which stores bile between meals

• Read pages 415-417• Complete Q13, 16 – pg 417 • Definitions p 402-405