unit 4 chapter 2 minerals mr. cesaire martin van buren high school
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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TRANSCRIPT
• Aim: What is a mineral? • Do Now: Open to page 96 of the Earth Science
TEXT book and define mineral and write down the characteristics of a mineral in your notes:
• HW: Read pages 47 to 51. Answer questions 1-8 on page 52. WRITE OUT ALL QUESTIONS!
• We will have a weekly quiz based on reading assignments in UPCO. Quiz will be based on pages 47 to 51.
Minerals
• What is a mineral?
• Defined as a naturally occurring inorganic solid substance.
• Where do we find minerals in our environment?
• Minerals are commonly found in rocks, soils, and sand.
Mineral Formation
• How do minerals form?
• Minerals are formed by crystallization:
• 1. Cooling and solidification of magma.
• 2. From water- evaporation, chemical reactions and temperature changes
• 3. Minerals subject to change due to heat and pressure.
Common Minerals
• The back of our reference tables contains information for common rock forming minerals.
• What are some information do the reference tables tell us about minerals?
• Aim: How are minerals identified?
• Do now: Use the reference tables and answer the following set of questions.
• HW: .
• Quiz on Wednesday. The characteristics of a mineral and the ways to identify them
Mineral Identification
• How do we identify minerals?
• Minerals are identified by their physical and chemical properties.
• Experienced geologists can easily identify and classify minerals out in the field. They have achieved this ability through careful observations of the minerals physical properties.
• Open up to page 104 of your text book and glance through pages 104 to 107 and list and write a short sentence on the ways minerals are identified in your notes.
Mineral Identification
• Geologists use the following to help identify minerals:
• 1. Color- the apparent color of the mineral• 2. Luster- Luster refers to how light reflects off
the surface of a mineral• 3. Streak- The streak refers to the powder left
by the mineral when applied to a hard surface. • 4. Hardness- The hardness of a mineral is
referred as the resistance to being scratched. • 5. Cleavage- Cleavage refers to how minerals
break along parallel planes. • 6. Specific gravity• 7. Chemical Tests
Color
• Color: When observing a mineral, the first thing that we notice is its color. The color may give us clues to what type of mineral we are looking at.
• However you can not go on color alone
• Let’s look at two examples: Quartz and Calcite
Color
• Notice how quartz is similar in color.
• Some minerals may have the same color, so we use other characteristics.
http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~kblock/minerals/calcite.jpg
http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~kblock/minerals/quartz.jpg
Color
• Quartz can appear in three colors:• Rose, Clear, Smokey• http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Quartz/Quartz_3Types.jpg
Luster
Galena-Metallichttp://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/images/Galena%202_jpg.jpg
Sulfur- Nonmetallichttp://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/thumbnails/Sulfur_jpg.jpg
Streak
• Notice the streak or powder left by galena
• Each mineral has a distinctive streak.
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/311/311404.jpg
Cleavage
http://www.geology.sfasu.edu/minerals/galena01.jpg
http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~kblock/minerals/calcite.jpg