unit 4 ecosystems
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Unit 4: EcosystemsAPES Period 4
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Terrestrial and Aquatic BiomesKaris Heidebrecht
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What is a Biome?
Definition: A major biological community, such as a grassland or desert, characterized chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate.
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Terrestrial Biomes Includetropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, deciduous forest, taiga, savanna,temperate grasslands, alpine and tundra.
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Aquatic Biomes Include
estuaries, oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, coral reefs and wetlands.
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Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
McKenna
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Biogeochemical CyclesDaniel Monsalve
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Carbon Cycle
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Nitrogen CycleNitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere it is also an essential nutrient for all life.
Nitrogen fixation - Most organisms can’t use atmospheric oxygen, but certain bacteria transfer it into other compounds like ammonia (NH4). Ammonia can then be used as a source of nitrogen for other organisms. Lightning also fixes a small amount of nitrogen.Assimilation - Nitrogen that is fixed can then be used by plants where it is then transferred to animals who eat the plants.Nitrification - Is the process of turning ammonia into nitrates or nitrites. It is carried out by b acteria.Denitrification - Other bacteria take organic nitrogen and nitrates and turn it back into gaseous nitrogen.
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Effects of Excess Nitrogen
The burning of fossil fuels and the use of
manufactured fertilizers increase nitrogen on
land in the atmosphere and in oceans.
Ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere has tripled
from human activity. This has led to water and
air pollution and in some cases acid rain.
Nitrogen Cycle Video
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Phosphorus Cycle
Sulfur Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Animation
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Water Cycle
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Population Dynamics
Geoffrey Ashton
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The
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*Bla
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ar*
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Natural Ecosystem Change
Michaela Brost
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Succession
The process by which one natural community changes into another over a time scale of years to centuries is called succession.Succession represents a natural transition from r- K-selected species.
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Primary Succession
Referring to colonization of a newly exposed landform, such as sand dunes or lava flows after a volcanic eruption.
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Secondary Succession
Describing the return of an area to its natural vegetation following a disturbance such as fire, treefall, or forest harvesting.
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Autogenic Succession
Change driven by the inhabitants of an ecosystem, such as forests re-growing on abandoned agricultural fields.
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Allogenic Succession
Change driven by new external geophysical conditions such as rising average temperatures resulting from global climate change.
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Key Terms
Victoria Owen
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Key Terms (Continued) Maribeth Villanueva
Adaptation- make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; modify.
Adaptive trait- a trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection.
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Age structure- A population pyramid, also called an age pyramid or age picture diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population, which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing
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Age distributions- the distributions of age in a population