unit 4 – plant structures and functionskmaring.wikispaces.com/file/view/unit 4 – plant...

Unit 4 – Plant Structures and Functions

1/4/16

• Entry Task

• What plant structures do you know? Describe as many as you can. • Leaves, stems, roots, flowers, buds, fruit with seeds (possibly) • What is the function of each? • Leaves: absorb sunlight into chlorophyll in their chloroplasts where

photosynthesis happens (food for plant) • Stems: support for leaves AND carries food, water, nutrients to leaves and

roots • ROOTS: collect water and nutrients from soil, anchor • Flowers: sexual reproduction part for the plant. Pollinated flowers are

“pregnant” and turn into fruit. • Buds: flower buds or leaf buds • Fruit with seeds: ripened ovary of the plant (after flower is pollinated)

Today’s Agenda

• Reflections on Unit 3 test • Get comp books ready for grading THURSDAY! I’ll be

here Wednesday morning if you need help • Begin Plant Structure and Function Unit

– Create a labeled diagram in your comp books. – http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/plantanato

my.htm

• Take notes • Quiz yourself and learn more: • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/bioc

oach/plants/intro.html

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/plantanatomy.htm


http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/intro.html


Unit 2 and 3 – Our greenhouse, Propagation and Soil, Nutrients, Compost

Notebook Owner ______________Grader ________________

_____/11 ( ½ pt each) CHS Greenhouse Survey _____/10 Labeled greenhouse diagram _____/10 Scale Drawing of CHS greenhouse _____/10 Propagation summaries (book) _____/10 STEPS FOR: Stem cuttings, Christmas cactus cuttings, Burrow’s Tail Propagation, Divisions _____/10 Seeds: Herb seed plant profile and production information

_____/5 Carbon in a tree data _____/10 Notes on Earth Systems and Climate video _____/10 Video Part 1 - notes and Q on Biology of Soil _____/18 ( ½ pt each) Book Assignment 1 and 2: Soil, Media, Nutrients, Fertilizers _____/10 Analyzing Soil Texture Packet _____/5 Notes from Compost article _____/5 Key ideas from Soil and Climate Change article _____/10 Compost lab and data table TOTAL _____/134 points

1/4/16

• Exit Task

• Name one plant structure and describe its function.

1/5/16

• Entry Task

• Think of a leaf. What shapes are there? Sizes? Patterns in veins? Hairiness? Color?

• What is the purpose of all this diversity?

Today’s Agenda

• DON’T FORGET: Get comp books ready for grading THURSDAY! I’ll be here Wednesday morning if you need help

• Begin Plant Structure and Function Unit – Create a labeled diagram in your comp books. – http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/planta

natomy.htm

• Take notes • Quiz yourself and learn more: • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place

/biocoach/plants/intro.html





Basic Parts of the Plant

• Roots

• Stems

• Leaves

• Flower

• (Fruit and Seeds)

“Green” Power point

adapted from Darrin

Holle

PLANT

PARTS

Vegetative

Leaf

Stem

Root

Reproductive

Flower

Fruit

Seed

Roots

• 1. Anchor Plant

• 2. Absorb water and minerals

• 3. Translocate water and

minerals to stem

• 4. Store Food

Stems

• 1. Translocate water, minerals

and food to the leaves

• 2. Support the leaves and

display them to light

• 3. Store Food

Leaves

• 1. Make food through

photosynthesis

• 2. Provide site of gas exchange

• 3. Store food

Flowers, Fruit and Seeds

• 1. Contain organs for

specialized sexual production

• 2. Produce seeds and fruit

LEAF MORPHOLOGY

Power point by Kathy Watts

Leaf Form

• Simple: one blade

• Compound: blade made up of

multiple parts

LEAF PARTS: Simple

1. Title the drawing

Simple Leaf below it.

2. Label the parts:

• blade

• petiole

• midrib

• veins

• margin

• apex

• base

• stipule or bud

LEAF PARTS: Compound


Compound Leaf

2. Label the parts:

• blade

• petiole

• stipule

• leaflet

• rachis

• petiolule

Simple or Compound?

• Stipules and axillary buds found

at leaf, not leaflet

• On compound leaves all leaflets

lie in one plane

Leaf arrangements

Shows simple leaves; also for compound

LEAF SHAPES

simple

compound

needle- or

scale-like simple

leaves

compound

leaves

Basic outline of leaf

Shapes

Edge of the leaf

Margins

Tip of the leaf

or the Apex (apices)

Bases - Where the blade meets

the petiole

Venation = Vein pattern

Vesture = How hairy a leaf is

1/5/16

• Exit Task

• Explain the difference between a simple and a compound leaf.

1/6/16

• Entry Task

• What is the main function or purpose of leaves?

• To absorb sunlight via chlorophyll inside plant cells for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants make food (glucose) and oxygen (leaves). The ingredients are carbon dioxide (leaves) and water (roots).

Today’s Agenda

• Finish notes.

• Complete the Leaf Comparison Chart for Native Plants

1/6/16

• Exit Task

• Name 3 shapes of leaves.

1/7/16

• Entry Task

• Go out to the edge of campus and bring back 1 leaf

• What do you notice about different leaf edges? Describe.

Today’s Agenda

• Trade and Grade Comp Books.

• Finish notes.

• Complete the Leaf Comparison Chart for Native Plants

Vine Maple

Mountain Ash

Oregon Grape

Douglas Fir

Red Alder

Oregon White Oak

Evergreen Huckleberry

Western Hazelnut

1/7/16

• Exit Task

• Describe this leaf:

• HOMEWORK: Bring in ONE leaf for the class to describe tomorrow!

1/8/16

• Entry Task

• Say Something Nice

• Trade and Grade Comp Books – 15 min

Today’s Agenda

• Complete leaf comparison chart together.

• Learn about microscopes…

• Leaf Cell Lab – onion cells and tradescantia cells

Parts and How to…

• View Trimpe’s ppt while handling scopes

• Orally and as whole class complete performance assessment.

• Exit Task

• Turn in your sheets!

1/11/16

• Entry Task

• What have you started and/or finished on your SAE project?

• TODAY in your comp books draft a calendar. The project is DUE FRIDAY JAN 22. As of today, you have 11 days (8 school days) to finish the project. Total of 6 hours and one new skill.

• Assign composters for week…

• Leaf Cell Lab

• Read through lab sheet together.

• If you completed the microscope review session on Friday, you may choose a partner and begin the lab. GOGGLES are a must!

• Otherwise – meet me near the front for quick review…

Tradescantia Leaf Cell

Onion – leaf cell

1/11/16

• Exit Task

• Besides being the site of photosynthesis, what other role do leaves have? Think of the gas needed to complete photosynthesis. Where does it enter the plant?

1/12/16

• Entry/Exit Task

• None – sub

• AGENDA: complete lab and questions.

1/13/15

• Entry Task

• Yesterday we looked at leaf cells magnified up to 400x (10 for the eyepiece lens and 40 for the objective lens).

• What do you predict you would see if you took a cross section of the leaf?

• Cells, different kinds specialized (to let gas in) , layers, hairy on the outside, maybe waxy like thick cell walls, cells in charge of moving fluids…

Today’s Agenda

• Add a diagram of leaf cell cross section to your lab. Color and label.

• View power point to help you label.

Leaf Anatomy

By Mrs Watts

Leaf

• Cuticle

Leaf

• Stoma (opening)

• Guard cells

Leaf

• Mesophyll

Leaf

• Chloroplasts

Leaf

• Palisade layer

• Spongy layer

Leaf

• Vein

• Xylem (red) & phloem (green)

• Bundle sheath

Xylem

Phloem

Bundle sheath

Vein

Upper epidermis

Lower epidermis

Palisade layer

Spongy layer

Mesophyll

Cuticle

Guard cells

Stoma

Chloroplast

Vein Xylem

Phloem

Bundle sheath

Air space

1/12/16

• Exit Task

• This diagram is a cross section of a leaf.

• In our lab, which portion of the leaf were we viewing?

1/13/16

• Entry Task

• What do you know about photosynthesis? List and explain as many things as you can!

Today’s Agenda

• Watch a video on photosynthesis.

• Take notes in comp book.

1/14/16

• Exit Task

• Explain how the carbon dioxide and water rearrange during photosynthesis to make oxygen and glucose.

1/15/16

• Entry Task


Today’s Agenda

• Cross word about photosynthesis

• 2 videos about photosynthesis:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4 13 min approx.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UvlqAVCoqY 11 min approx..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UvlqAVCoqY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UvlqAVCoqY

1/15/16

• No exit task

• Turn in your entry/exit task sheets.

1/19/16

• Entry Task

• Write down your leaf information here. (this is the one assigned to you as homework)

• Share all answers to fill in leaf comparison chart.

Today’s Agenda

• Check in on SAE and Leadership Points.

• Discuss assignments from last week: crossword, 2 videos.

• What have you learned?

• Act out Photosynthesis (at least what the molecules are doing!)

Act it out! Build the equation using people as atoms or molecules

• TO START:3 people will hold the atoms in the

carbon dioxide molecules.

• And 6 people will hold the atoms in the water molecules.

What is the result of photosynthesis?

• TO FINISH: break up the atoms and rearrange into the products.

• 1 person will be glucose

• 3 people will hold all the atoms in the oxygen molecules

• 1 or 2 people can be sunlight!

1/19/16

• Exit Task

• Summarize what you learned about the atoms and molecules involved in photosynthesis.

1/20/16

• Entry Task

• Your SAE and Leadership points are due on Friday.

• How is it going? What do you need to finish?

• Recycling today after school if you need leadership points!

Today’s Agenda

• Notes on Photosynthesis.

• Build a glucose molecule.

Photosynthesis (and Respiration later)

By Kathy Watts

Plant Physiology

Pigments and the Absorption Spectrum I. Pigments: colored substances that absorb or reflect light

A. Chlorophyll: green plant pigment 1. Chlorophyll a: most important pigment

a. Captures red and violet wavelengths b. Reflects green wavelengths 2. Chlorophyll b: absorbs different red and violet

wavelengths than chlorophyll a B. Accessory pigments: absorb light wavelengths that

chlorophyll doesn’t; pass energy to chlorophyll a 1. Carotenoids: yellow, orange, and red pigments 2. Xanthophylls: yellow pigments

Chloroplast structure

II. Pigments in plants

A. Contained in cell’s cytoplasm

B. Chloroplast: contains chlorophyll

C. Photosynthetic membrane: sac-like structure in the

chloroplast that contains chlorophyll

III. Absorption spectrum: portion of the spectrum

absorbed by plant pigments

Photosynthesis overview

Photosynthesis I. Process by which the energy of sunlight is absorbed

and then converted to the chemical energy of glucose

II. Energy “currency” must be “spent” for work to be done

A. ATP (adensosine triphosphate) stores energy in chemical bonds

B. Breaking the chemical bond releases energy and converts ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) plus Pi (inorganic phosphate)

C. To have “currency” to “spend,” work must be done by someone

D. Pi forced to join to ADP, requiring energy

E. Energy to add Pi to ADP comes from sunlight

through process of photosynthesis

F. Stored energy in ATP runs cells of all organisms,

both plant and animal

III. Light dependent reactions

A. Energy of sunlight captured and converted into energy-storing compounds

B. Takes place only in light

C. Four step process

1. Light absorption

a. Sunlight captured by pigment molecule causes electrons in the molecule to become “excited”

b. Excitation energy passed from one pigment molecule to another

c. Energy level increases until electrons reach a special pair of chlorophyll molecules that can process the light energy

2. Electron transport

a. High-energy electrons transferred along the

electron transport chain (series of electron-

carrier molecules in the photosynthetic

membrane)

b. Two electrons added to NADP+ at the end of

the chain, trapping energy in chemical bonds of

NADPH2 for later use in the dark reactions

3. Oxygen production

a. Electrons that were removed and passed along

the chain must be replaced

b. Four electrons are removed from 2 water

molecules, leaving 4 hydrogen ions (H+)

and 2 oxygen atoms (O)

c. Two oxygen atoms combine to form a molecule

of oxygen gas (O2) that leaves the

chloroplast and eventually is released to the

air.

4. ATP formation

a. H+ ions released into the photosynthetic

membrane build up a positive charge inside

the membrane

b. The difference between the positive charge

inside and the negative charge outside is a

source of energy

c. Energy is used to attach a phosphate molecule

(Pi ) to ADP, making ATP to store energy

IV. Light-independent reactions (aka dark reactions)

A. Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy

produced and stored during light reactions to make

glucose

B. Not dependent on light

C. Calvin cycle

1. Carbon from carbon dioxide combines with a 5-

carbon compound to form a 6-carbon compound

2. Energy from ATP converts 6-carbon compound to

glucose for long-term storage of energy, or to be

passed on to provide energy for animals

3. Energy from NADPH2 also used

Equation for Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide (from the air) plus water

(taken up by the roots) combine in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to form glucose (which stores energy in its chemical bonds) and oxygen as a waste product

chlorophyll

sunlight

Glucose Molecule

1/20/16

• Exit Task

• What are the 4 steps of light dependent photosynthesis?

1/21/15

• Entry Task

• What is required for a plant’s leaf cell to conduct photosynthesis?

• SUNLIGHT, CO2, WATER, nutrients, chloroplasts (thylakoids/granum), pigment (example chlorphyll)

Today’s Agenda

• Th - Photosynthesis Lab – spinach • Read the lab sheet.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnY9_wMZ

ZWI • Watch and listen carefully. • Write out the steps of the procedure. • List your materials. • Write hypothesis. • Copy data table • BEGIN!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnY9_wMZZWI



1/21/16

• Exit Task

• Write down your hypothesis for the lab.

1/22/16

• Entry – Say Something Nice

• Main activity: Complete Photosynthesis with Spinach Lab

• Exit – turn in your entry/exit sheets

1/25/16

• Entry Task

• We will average all the trials for light and dark to increase the reliability of our photosynthesis lab.

• You can use these averages to write your conclusion (#5 on the lab sheet)

Today’s Agenda

• Work time for lab questions.

• Two groups: Concept map on leaves and photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Concept Map • Concept Maps

– Show a hierarchy of ideas: big ideas at the top and details down lower.

– Each line connecting concepts has a phrase to explain the relationship between the words.

• Work in teams to arrange the words in a concept map.

• Make sure your hierarchy is correct before connecting with lines and phrases.

• Please include a diagram(s) to add more information to your map.

• See Example. Also use Ch 8 in the Biology textbook.

• Roots

• Stems

• Leaves

• Sunlight

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

• Water

• glucose

• Stoma

• Chloroplast

• Thylakoid

• Chlorophyll

• Photosynthesis

• Light dependent photosynthesis

• Light absorption, Electron transport, oxygen production, ATP formation

• Light independent photosynthesis

• Calvin cycle

1/25/16

• Exit Task

• Explain why understanding the process of photosynthesis is important to biology and life on earth.

1/26/16

• Entry Task

• Check you grade on Skyward.

• Are you happy with it? Is there anything you wish to make up?

• For your class (and yours only!) I will take work until this Friday.

• DISCUSS THIS WEEK’s COMPOST SCHEDULE

Today’s Agenda

• 10 min – complete photosynthesis concept maps • Update Comp Books • We will trade and grade comp books during the

first portion of our final on Thursday. • We will also have a test/quiz Thursday on Plant

Structures and Functions • Today – study guide • Find more and quiz yourself online:






PLANT

PARTShttp://

www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios1

00/labs/plantanatomy.htm

Vegetative

Leaf

Stem

Root

Reproductive

Flower

Fruit

Seed




LEAF PARTS: Simple


Simple Leaf below it.

2. Label the parts:

• blade

• petiole

• midrib

• veins

• margin

• apex

• base

• stipule or bud

LEAF PARTS: Compound


Compound Leaf

2. Label the parts:

• blade

• petiole

• stipule

• leaflet

• rachis

• petiolule

Chloroplast structure

Unit 4 – progress check Plant Structures and Functions – Leaves and Photosynthesis

Notebook Owner_________Grader_________

____/10 Plant Structures Diagram

____/5 Notes on Plant Parts

____/5 Notes on Leaf Morphology/Shapes

____/10 Leaf Comparison Chart

____/15 Leaf Cell Lab – onion and tradescantia

____/5 Photosynthesis Video(s) Notes

____/5 Fill-in-the-blank Photosynthesis Notes

____/15 Spinach Lab – data and Q

____/10 Concept Map of Photosynthesis

• TOTAL

• Lab Points: ____/30

• Notes and Diagrams ____/50

1/26/16

• Exit Task

• What do you plan on completing in your comp books for Thursday?

• What do you plan on studying for Thursday’s test?

1/28/16

• Entry Task

• Choose compost volunteers – EXTRA CREDIT! • Explain what you will be completing/finishing by

Friday. • Trade and Grade notebooks • TURN IN NOTEBOOKS.

• Take TEST/QUIZ • EXIT TASK – What was the most difficult question on

the test? Why do you think it was difficult for you?

1/29/16

• Last Day of the Semester!


• Turn in any last things!!!

2/1/16

• Entry Task

• Would you like your video or power point project to educate, inspire, move to action, inform, or? Describe what you would like to accomplish.

Today’s Agenda

• Review project goals and timeline

• Choose partners

• Write theme and problem

• Get teacher initials

• Start research and background statement

2/1/16

• Exit Task - cancelled

• Thanks for your help with composting!

2/2/16

• Entry Task

• Review the rubric and discuss data collection.

• What will you collect as data? What kind of data table will you need?

• NOTICE: 3 days of data collection!

Today’s Agenda

• Work time for projects.

• Let me know if you need anything!

• To stay on track – your research, background statement and investigative procedure should be written today.

• SO THAT you are ready to begin collecting data tomorrow.

2/2/16

• Exit Task

• PLAN AHEAD: Will you need to collect data tomorrow during breakfast, lunch or composting time in Hort?

• Do you have a data table ready? Explain.

2/3/16

• Entry Task

• Do you have a procedure complete? (This describes how you will collect your data)

• Please describe your data table. (Or draw a little one here)

• What do you plan to accomplish today?

Today’s Agenda

• Worktime for project

2/3/16

• Exit Task

• What will you be working on tomorrow (Thursday)?

2/4/16

• Entry Task

• Based on your initial data and research, what do you think might be a good action plan? See #7 on the assignment sheet.

Today’s Agenda

• Day 2 of data collection for most (day 1 for some).

• A few will be going to do compost today also.

• Continue working on power point or video.

2/4/16

• Exit Task – cancelled – we were collecting data.

2/5/16

• Entry Task


Today’s Agenda

• Day 3 of data collection for many

• Day 2 data collection for some…

• We are in charge of composting today. Don’t forget to turn in your points sheets for the week!

• You should also be using class time to develop your ppt/edit your video

• AND…be thinking about your action plan.

2/5/16

• Exit Task – none

• Please turn in your entry/exit tasks!

2/8 and 2/9/16

• Entry Task – none!

• Please get out your laptops…

Today’s Agenda

• MONDAY: Day 3 of data collection for many

• We are in charge of composting today.

• You should also be using class time to develop your ppt/edit your video

• AND…be thinking about your action plan.

• TUESDAY LAST WORK DAY!

• Make sure you are ready through the action plan…

2/8 and 2/9/16

• Exit Task

• NONE – please turn back in your laptops.

2/10/16

• Entry Task

• What do you feel went well during your project?

• What do you wish you had done better?

• Are you happy with your results? Why or why not?

Today’s Agenda

• Project presentations

• Extra time? Greenhouse bulb planting.

2/10/16

• Exit Task

• Describe something you learned from a presentation today.

2/11/16

• Entry Task

• NONE – begin presentations

• REMINDER: we will also be composting today! After Presentations

2/12/16

• Entry Task – Say Something Nice

• Today’s Agenda: • Finish Arya’s videos • Move houseplants • Dump compost from balcony • Plant bulbs

• REMINDER: we will also be composting today!

• Please turn in your entry/exit task sheet.

IDEAS

• Recognition Assembly – honor service and show a video

• Students who help get EC other classes?

• Push for lids – test and collect data – 3

• Ms. Maring – put together project make video

unit 4 – plant structures and functionskmaring.wikispaces.com/file/view/unit 4 – plant...

Documents