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Page 1: Unit 4 PowerPoint - wlwv.k12.or.us€¦ · Microsoft PowerPoint - Unit 4 PowerPoint.pptx Author: WILDCAT Created Date: 12/11/2017 10:28:38 AM
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ionic compound: Compound held together by ionic bonds.

•cations (+) attracting anions (‐)•Usually metal attracted to non‐metal.•Not a molecule, instead a matrix of ions attracted to each other in multiple directions.

ionic bond: Electromagnetic attraction between + and – ions.

•Cations attracting anions due to charge.

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covalent bond: A sharing of electrons•Usually occurs between 2 or more non‐metals.

molecule: A group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

• 2 types:• molecular compounds:  2 or more elements covalently bonded.Example:    Water H2O

• diatomic molecule:  Element in molecule form.

Examples:  Oxygen O2Hydrogen H2Nitrogen N2Halogens

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Introduction Video

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Lowest whole number ratio of balanced ions. 

• ionic compound• “metal” and “non‐metal”(important exception –NH4

+)• Ionic are repeating patterns of ions.

molecular formula: Actual # of atoms found in molecule.

•molecular compound • “non‐metal” only•Molecular formulas are molecule units.

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• Ex:  Ca2+ = Calcium ion

• Ex:  O2‐ = Oxide

• Ex:   Cu2+ = Copper (II)Cu1+ = Copper (I)

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•Ionic Compounds of two elements• Metal Cation + Non‐Metal Anion

•To name:  Place the cation name first followed by the anion name.

•Formula must be “balanced” with charges.

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•Do the following compounds exist?•LiO?•Li2O?  Only formula that exists•LiO2?•Li2O2?

•That is why we don’t need “mono”, “di”, or “tri” in ionic compound names!

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The cation is always named first!1.) Name the cation (usually the metal ion) using the same name as the element.

• If the cation is a transition metal, use a Roman numeral following the element name to indicate the charge, but  only for cations that form multiple ions!

2.) Name the anion• If a single element, replace the last syllable with “ide”.• If a polyatomic ion, just use its name.

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•LiBr – Lithium bromide•CaO –Calcium oxide•Sr(NO2)2 – Strontium nitrite•Rb2SO4 – Rubidium sulfate•Fe2O3 – Iron III oxide  *** hardest one!•CaCr2O7 – Calcium dichromate•Na2CO3 – Sodium carbonate

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ONa2 SCu2

BaO4CuSO

32OAl 434 PO)(NH

2CaCl33)Fe(NO

21 O:Na

22 O:Ba

23 O:Al

12 Cl:Ca

21 S:Cu

24

2 SO:Cu

34

14 PO:NH

13

3 NO:Fe

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Exception:  If the first element is 1 don’t use mono.

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Prefix Number• mono  1• di  2• tri  3• tetra   4• penta 5• hexa 6• hepta 7• octa 8• nona 9• deca 10

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•CO – Carbon monoxide•CO2 – Carbon dioxide•N2O4 – Dinitrogen tetraoxide•PCl5 – Phosphorus pentachloride•XeF6 – Xenon hexafluoride•CCl4 – Carbon tetrachloride

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•Represents the ACTUAL number of atoms in the MOLECULE.

•Name is a list of the elements present.

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What is a mole?

•A mole is similar to the concept of a dozen.• Why do you count cookies in dozens?

Because it is more convenient.

• Why do you count chemistry particles in moles?Because it is more convenient.

•A mole is a number of particles.•1 mole (mol) = 6.02 x 1023 particles (Avogadro’s Number)

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•It depends on the substance and situation.•Atoms, Molecules, Formula Units are all particles.

Element: AtomDiatomic Element:  MoleculeMolecular Compound:  MoleculeIonic Compound:  Formula Unit

•REPRESENTATIVE PARTICLES:ATOMS, MOLECULES, or FORMULA UNITS

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aluminum

All are particles!

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•Mole:  6.02 x 1023 particles•This number unites a number of particles and the atomic mass of substances.

•1 mole of a substance has a mass equal to its atomic mass in grams.

Molar Mass  = mass of 1 mole of a substanceMolar Mass  = (atomic mass) g’s 

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Substance RepresentativeParticle

# of Atoms or Ions

Mass of 1 Particle

Mass of 1 Mole

NaCl

Copper

Water

Hydrogengas

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Substance RepresentativeParticle

# of Atoms or Ions

Mass of 1 Particle

Mass of 1 Mole

NaCl Formula Unit 222.99 + 35.45

58.44 amu’s58.44 g

Copper

Water

Hydrogen gas

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Substance RepresentativeParticle

# of Atoms or Ions

Mass of 1 Particle

Mass of 1 Mole

NaCl Formula Unit 222.99 + 35.45

58.44 amu’s58.44 g

Copper Atom 1 63.55 amu’s 63.55 g

Water

Hydrogengas

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Substance RepresentativeParticle

# of Atoms or Ions

Mass of 1 Particle

Mass of 1 Mole

NaCl Formula Unit 222.99 + 35.45

58.44 amu’s58.44 g

Copper Atom 1 63.55 amu’s 63.55 g

WaterMolecule

H2O3

2∙1.01 + 16.00

18.02 amu’s18.02 g

Hydrogengas

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Substance RepresentativeParticle

# of Atoms or Ions

Mass of 1 Particle

Mass of 1 Mole

NaCl Formula Unit 222.99 + 35.45

58.44 amu’s58.44 g

Copper Atom 1 63.55 amu’s 63.55 g

WaterMolecule

H2O3

2∙1.01 + 16.00

18.02 amu’s18.02 g

Hydrogengas

MoleculeH2

21.01 + 1.012.02 amu’s

2.02 g

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1 Mole

Molar Mass

6.02x1023 Particles

22.4 L of gas at STP

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