Unit 4Unit 4

Respond the following ten statements by saying “true” or “false”. Respond the following ten statements by saying “true” or “false”. If it is false, turn it into a true one.If it is false, turn it into a true one.

You cannot read most efficiently if you do not “write between the You cannot read most efficiently if you do not “write between the lines”.lines”.

As soon as you have bought a book, the book belongs to you.As soon as you have bought a book, the book belongs to you. According to the author, books should not be kept as clean and According to the author, books should not be kept as clean and

shiny as the day they were bought.shiny as the day they were bought. According to the author, you can mark up any books that belong According to the author, you can mark up any books that belong

to yourself.to yourself. Marking up a book while reading can keep you from dozing off.Marking up a book while reading can keep you from dozing off. Books should be read in a state of relaxation.Books should be read in a state of relaxation. Your reading is active when you have filled the pages of the book Your reading is active when you have filled the pages of the book

with your notes. Reading a book is somewhat like having a with your notes. Reading a book is somewhat like having a conversation with the author.conversation with the author.

Learning means absorbing whatever you are exposed to on the Learning means absorbing whatever you are exposed to on the subject.subject.

By “marking a book”, the author only means writing in the margin By “marking a book”, the author only means writing in the margin of the page.of the page.

This article can be divided into three parts:This article can be divided into three parts: AA 、 、 (Para 1) The author puts forward his argument directly --- (Para 1) The author puts forward his argument directly ---

Unless you write between lines, you are not likely to do the most Unless you write between lines, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.efficient kind of reading.

BB 、、 (Para 2—10) The author tells us the importance of marking (Para 2—10) The author tells us the importance of marking up a book. up a book.

CC 、、 (Para 11) Marking a book is an expression of the reader’s (Para 11) Marking a book is an expression of the reader’s agreements or differences of opinion with the author. This agreements or differences of opinion with the author. This serves as a convincing ending.serves as a convincing ending.

This article has a close structure, vivid and friendly in writing. This article has a close structure, vivid and friendly in writing. The The

author uses a great deal of rhetorical expressions such as author uses a great deal of rhetorical expressions such as comparison,comparison,

figure of speech, classification and so forth which make the figure of speech, classification and so forth which make the wholewhole

article sound lively and cordial. So reader can naturally agree article sound lively and cordial. So reader can naturally agree with thewith the

author’s arguments.author’s arguments.

Words and phrases:Words and phrases: 1. persuade: vt. cause(sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing ,etc.1. persuade: vt. cause(sb.) to do sth. by reasoning, arguing ,etc. persuade sb. of sth. persuade sb. of sth. persuade sb. that… persuade sb. that… eg: How can I persuade you of my sincerity / that I am sincere?eg: How can I persuade you of my sincerity / that I am sincere? persuade sb. into / out of doing sth.persuade sb. into / out of doing sth. eg: Can you persuade her out of her foolish plan?eg: Can you persuade her out of her foolish plan? we finally persuaded grandpa into moving to the city.we finally persuaded grandpa into moving to the city. persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.to do sth. eg: He was persuaded to stay in bed for three days more.eg: He was persuaded to stay in bed for three days more.

2. property: (collectively) things owned; possessions2. property: (collectively) things owned; possessions eg: Much of his property was destroyed by the fire.eg: Much of his property was destroyed by the fire. 3. prelude: action, event, etc. that serves as an 3. prelude: action, event, etc. that serves as an

introductionintroduction eg: The discussions were a prelude to the treaty.eg: The discussions were a prelude to the treaty. 4. possession: n. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property4. possession: n. possessing; ownership; (pl.) property eg: He had few possessions.eg: He had few possessions. in one’s (sb’s) possession (= in the possession of in one’s (sb’s) possession (= in the possession of

sb.)sb.) eg: The house has been in the family’s possession eg: The house has been in the family’s possession

for nearly 90 years.for nearly 90 years.

5. transfer: vt. hand over the possession 5. transfer: vt. hand over the possession of; change officially from one position,etc. of; change officially from one position,etc. to anotherto another

eg: That world-famous soccer star has eg: That world-famous soccer star has been transferred from a Spanish club to an been transferred from a Spanish club to an Italian one.Italian one.

6. absorb: vt.take or suck in (liquids); take 6. absorb: vt.take or suck in (liquids); take in (knowledge, ideas. etc.)in (knowledge, ideas. etc.)

eg: White surfaces do not absorb much eg: White surfaces do not absorb much heat or light.heat or light.

The clever boy absorbed all the The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could knowledge his teacher could

give him.give him.

7. dig into: read or study for a short time or 7. dig into: read or study for a short time or without much attentionwithout much attention

eg: In my spare time, I like to dip into my eg: In my spare time, I like to dip into my favorite authors.favorite authors.

Some books are to be read seriously, Some books are to be read seriously, others to be dipped into.others to be dipped into.

8.resume: vt.go on after stopping for a time8.resume: vt.go on after stopping for a time eg: They resumed their journey after a short eg: They resumed their journey after a short

rest.rest. After lunch he resumed reading where he After lunch he resumed reading where he

had left off.had left off. 9.literally: ad. actually; virtually 9.literally: ad. actually; virtually eg: The children were literally starving.eg: The children were literally starving.

Language Points:Language Points:

1….you have to read “between the lines” 1….you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything:to get the most out of anything:

… …while reading you must look for what while reading you must look for what is implied if you want to get the greatest is implied if you want to get the greatest benefit from any reading materialbenefit from any reading material

2. mark up a book: make symbolic marks 2. mark up a book: make symbolic marks in a book for the purpose of comment, in a book for the purpose of comment, emphasis, etc.emphasis, etc.

3. If you decide that I am right about the 3. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books …:usefulness of marking books …:

If one conclude that I am correct in If one conclude that I am correct in saying that it’s useful to mark books…saying that it’s useful to mark books…

4. There are two ways in which one can own a 4. There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes …:prelude to possession. Full ownership comes …:

If one buys a book, he becomes its owner. In If one buys a book, he becomes its owner. In other words, he has established the property right other words, he has established the property right over the book by paying for it. This is the usual over the book by paying for it. This is the usual meaning of ownership. The author proposes a meaning of ownership. The author proposes a second Meaning, what he calls “full” ownership. second Meaning, what he calls “full” ownership. Buying a book is not enough “fully” own it, he Buying a book is not enough “fully” own it, he argues. One has to read it carefully to make it argues. One has to read it carefully to make it fully his.fully his.

5. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of 5. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt:crayons and an original Rembrandt:

I wouldn’t write carelessly on the pages of a I wouldn’t write carelessly on the pages of a first edition of “ Paradise Lost”, just as I wouldn't first edition of “ Paradise Lost”, just as I wouldn't give my baby a set of crayons and an original give my baby a set of crayons and an original painting by Rembrandt and risk the danger of painting by Rembrandt and risk the danger of having the picture ruined.having the picture ruined.

6. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the 6. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee:way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee:

You do not take in the profound ideas in the You do not take in the profound ideas in the books written by John Dewey in the same manner books written by John Dewey in the same manner as you enjoy Mr. Vallee’s soothing songs.as you enjoy Mr. Vallee’s soothing songs.

7. You have to reach for them:7. You have to reach for them: You have to make a great effort to You have to make a great effort to

understand the ideas of John Dewey.understand the ideas of John Dewey. 8. an integrated structure:8. an integrated structure: a structure in which the parts are a structure in which the parts are

brought into a whole; an organic wholebrought into a whole; an organic whole 9. This outline is, to me, the measure of 9. This outline is, to me, the measure of

my understanding of the work:my understanding of the work: To my mind, this outline is a check on To my mind, this outline is a check on

how much I have understood the work.how much I have understood the work.

Unit 5Unit 5

Network Designer —— Tim Network Designer —— Tim Berners-LeeBerners-Lee

1. Internet 1. Internet The Internet is an international computer The Internet is an international computer

system that links both business and system that links both business and private users, one of the greatest private users, one of the greatest inventions of the human history.inventions of the human history.

2. Other terms:2. Other terms: protocols, packet protocols, packet switching, hypertext, HTML, HTTP and W3 switching, hypertext, HTML, HTTP and W3 ConsortiumConsortium

Please refer to the Student’s Book, Page Please refer to the Student’s Book, Page 86-8686-86

3. Introductory questions:3. Introductory questions: 1) What nationality is Tim Berners-Lee?1) What nationality is Tim Berners-Lee? 2) Is he a university graduate?2) Is he a university graduate? 3) When did he begin to take an interest 3) When did he begin to take an interest

in the computer?in the computer? 4) Did he work in a research institute 4) Did he work in a research institute

specializing in computer science?specializing in computer science? 5) Was he given the assignment of 5) Was he given the assignment of

designing the World Wide Web or did he designing the World Wide Web or did he hit upon the idea just by accident?hit upon the idea just by accident?

6) What was it that made WWW a reality?6) What was it that made WWW a reality?

II. Language pointsII. Language points 1. launch: 1. launch: to send something straight into the to send something straight into the

air.air. Rockets or certain jet planes are launched. Rockets or certain jet planes are launched. China is very good at launching satellites.China is very good at launching satellites. a shipa ship an artificial satellitean artificial satellite launch one's son into the worldlaunch one's son into the world a new enterprisea new enterprise an attackan attack a mass production movementa mass production movement

2. zip off:2. zip off: move or act with a speed move or act with a speed that suggests such a sound:that suggests such a sound:

act or proceed swiftly and act or proceed swiftly and energetically:energetically:

The cars zipped by endlessly.The cars zipped by endlessly.The young boy zipped through her The young boy zipped through her

homework so that he could go homework so that he could go swimming with his buddies.swimming with his buddies.

3. exotic:3. exotic: from another part of the from another part of the world; foreignworld; foreign

e.g. exotic tropical plants in a e.g. exotic tropical plants in a greenhousegreenhouse

intriguingly unusual or different; intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange:excitingly strange:

e.g. exotic costumes from the Far e.g. exotic costumes from the Far EastEast

an exotic purple birdan exotic purple bird

4. encumber4. encumber: put a heavy load on; : put a heavy load on; burdenburden

a hiker who was encumbered with a a hiker who was encumbered with a heavy pack; heavy pack;

a life that has always been a life that has always been encumbered with responsibilities.encumbered with responsibilities.

a plantation encumbered with a plantation encumbered with mortgages mortgages 已抵押出去的种植园已抵押出去的种植园

5. father5. father: to procreate (offspring) as the : to procreate (offspring) as the male parent.male parent.

to act or serve as a father to (a child).to act or serve as a father to (a child).to create, found, or originate.to create, found, or originate.6. build on :6. build on :This part of the hospital was built on later.This part of the hospital was built on later.His argument is built on facts. (base on)His argument is built on facts. (base on) The insurance business is built on trust.The insurance business is built on trust.

7. come across:7. come across: to meet or find by chance: to meet or find by chance: Surprisingly enough, I came across my old college Surprisingly enough, I came across my old college

roommate in town today.roommate in town today. 8. access to the Internet 8. access to the Internet --- the opportunity to --- the opportunity to

use the Internetuse the Internet Access: the means or opportunity or right to use Access: the means or opportunity or right to use

or see something, always following by the or see something, always following by the preposition “to”preposition “to”

In a university library, we have access to large In a university library, we have access to large numbers of academic books.numbers of academic books.

In our country, every child is granted access to In our country, every child is granted access to education.education.

9. Where excellence is not an act but 9. Where excellence is not an act but a habit.a habit.

Where high quality is not just something Where high quality is not just something someone does on certain occasions, but someone does on certain occasions, but rather something that one does regularly rather something that one does regularly and that one finds it difficult to stop doing.and that one finds it difficult to stop doing.

10. It started, of all places, in the 10. It started, of all places, in the Swiss Alps.Swiss Alps.

Surprisingly enough, such a fact did not Surprisingly enough, such a fact did not take place in an industrial city or town but take place in an industrial city or town but in the Swiss Alps, in the Swiss Alps,

which seemed to be remote from industry.which seemed to be remote from industry.

11. on the seventh day:11. on the seventh day: (phrase from (phrase from the Bible, the last day of creation)the Bible, the last day of creation)

12. fashion:12. fashion: v. give shape or form to; v. give shape or form to; make:make:

He fashioned the clay into a jar.He fashioned the clay into a jar. The carpenter fashioned a table from a The carpenter fashioned a table from a

redwood burl. redwood burl. 将红木树瘤制成桌子将红木树瘤制成桌子 13. hack:13. hack: work on the computer skillfully work on the computer skillfully hack --- hackerhack --- hacker 14. pretend:14. pretend: a. imitation; make-believe a. imitation; make-believe pretend money; pretend pearls.pretend money; pretend pearls.

15. overstate15. overstate: exaggerate: exaggerate overstate one's caseoverstate one's case 16. be content to do sth.16. be content to do sth.: to be satisfied or pleased with: to be satisfied or pleased with With my new bedroom furniture, I am very content.With my new bedroom furniture, I am very content. She was content to step down after four years as chief She was content to step down after four years as chief

executive.executive. 17. cash in: take advantage or profit17. cash in: take advantage or profit Let’s cash in on the fine weather and go out for the day.Let’s cash in on the fine weather and go out for the day. Profiteers cashed in during the gasoline shortage.Profiteers cashed in during the gasoline shortage. 18. head: 18. head: v. proceed or go in a certain directionv. proceed or go in a certain direction head for town.head for town. head over heels in debt / lovehead over heels in debt / love

Unit 6Unit 6

Predators, Parasites and Predators, Parasites and Other relationshipsOther relationships

1. Names of some animals1. Names of some animals buffalo buffalo 水牛 水牛 yak yak 西藏牦牛西藏牦牛 donkey donkey 驴驴 golden monkey golden monkey 金丝猴金丝猴

orangutan orangutan 猩猩猩猩 chimpanzee chimpanzee 黑猩猩 黑猩猩 baboon baboon 狒狒狒狒 antelope antelope 羚羊羚羊 sika / spotted deer sika / spotted deer 梅花鹿梅花鹿 anteater anteater 食蚁兽食蚁兽 squirrel squirrel 松鼠松鼠hedgehog hedgehog 刺猬刺猬 giant panda giant panda 大熊猫大熊猫 leopards / panthers leopards / panthers 豹子豹子koala koala 树袋熊树袋熊 lioness lioness 母狮母狮 raccoon raccoon 浣熊浣熊 polar bear polar bear 北极熊北极熊spotted leopard spotted leopard 金钱豹金钱豹 rhinocerosrhinoceros 犀牛犀牛 gorilla gorilla 大猩猩大猩猩kangaroo kangaroo 大袋鼠大袋鼠 zebra zebra 斑马斑马 giraffe giraffe 长颈鹿长颈鹿 quail quail 鹌鹑鹌鹑 ostrich ostrich 鸵鸟鸵鸟 penguin penguin 企鹅企鹅 swan swan 天鹅天鹅 lionet / cub lionet / cub 小狮子小狮子 hawk / eagle hawk / eagle 老鹰老鹰 peafowl / peacock peafowl / peacock 孔雀孔雀 turkey turkey 火鸡火鸡 mandarin duck wild mandarin duck wild goose goose 大雁大雁 pigeon pigeon 鸽子鸽子 hummingbird hummingbird 蜂鸟蜂鸟 kingfisher kingfisher 翠鸟翠鸟woodpecker woodpecker 啄木鸟啄木鸟 red-crested crane / sacred crane red-crested crane / sacred crane 仙鹤仙鹤cuckoo cuckoo 布谷布谷 sparrow sparrow 麻雀麻雀 canary canary 金丝雀金丝雀 magpie magpie 喜鹊喜鹊 bird of bird of paradise paradise 极乐鸟极乐鸟 crows crows 乌鸦乌鸦 parrot parrot 鹦鹉鹦鹉 swallow swallow 燕子燕子 green green turtle turtle 海龟海龟 frog / toad frog / toad 蛤蟆蛤蟆 tortoise tortoise 乌龟乌龟

python / boa python / boa 蟒蛇蟒蛇 cobra cobra 眼镜蛇眼镜蛇 house lizard house lizard 壁虎壁虎alligators / crocodile alligators / crocodile 短吻鳄短吻鳄 tuna tuna 金枪鱼金枪鱼 hairtail hairtail 带鱼带鱼eel eel 鳗鱼鳗鱼 shark shark 鲨鱼鲨鱼 sardine sardine 沙丁鱼沙丁鱼 oyster oyster 牡蛎牡蛎hippopotamus hippopotamus 河马河马 duckbill / platypusduckbill / platypus 鸭嘴兽鸭嘴兽 dolphin dolphin 海豚海豚 tropical fishtropical fish 热带鱼热带鱼 pearl oyster pearl oyster 珍珠贝珍珠贝 seal seal 海豹海豹sea horse sea horse 海马海马 whale whale 鲸鱼鲸鱼 sperm whale sperm whale 抹香鲸抹香鲸shrimp shrimp 虾虾 lobster lobster 龙虾龙虾 crab crab 蟹蟹 octopus octopus 章鱼章鱼 hermit hermit crab / pagurian crab / pagurian 寄居蟹寄居蟹 starfish starfish 海星海星 sponge sponge 海绵海绵cuttlefish cuttlefish 乌贼乌贼 coral coral 珊瑚珊瑚 jellyfish / medusa jellyfish / medusa 水母水母jellyfish jellyfish 海蜇海蜇 dragonfly dragonfly 蜻蜓蜻蜓 mantis mantis 螳螂螳螂 locust locust 蝗虫蝗虫cockroach / roach cockroach / roach 蟑螂蟑螂 grasshopper grasshopper 蚱蜢蚱蜢 cricket cricket 蟋蟀蟋蟀bedbug bedbug 臭虫臭虫 cicada cicada 知了知了 firefly / lightning bug firefly / lightning bug 萤火虫萤火虫beetle beetle 甲壳虫甲壳虫 moth moth 蛾子蛾子 cockchafercockchafer 金龟子金龟子 silkworm silkworm 蚕蚕 ladybug / ladybirds ladybug / ladybirds 瓢虫瓢虫 butterfly butterfly 蝴蝶蝴蝶 mosquito mosquito 蚊子蚊子 honeybee honeybee 蜜蜂蜜蜂 spider spider 蜘蛛蜘蛛 seven-spot ladybug seven-spot ladybug 七星瓢虫七星瓢虫 caterpillar caterpillar 毛毛虫毛毛虫

predator:predator: a wild animal that lives on a wild animal that lives on other animals by killing and eating themother animals by killing and eating them

Parasite: a plant or animal that lives Parasite: a plant or animal that lives on or in another and gets hood from iton or in another and gets hood from it

Ecosystem: a system which relates all Ecosystem: a system which relates all the plants, animals and people in an the plants, animals and people in an area to their surroundingsarea to their surroundings

exposition:exposition: one of the basic forms of one of the basic forms of communication, means explanation or putting communication, means explanation or putting across some information or ideas. Its primary across some information or ideas. Its primary function is not to tell a story or relate a function is not to tell a story or relate a happening, although it often uses narration or happening, although it often uses narration or description as one of its associated techniques. description as one of its associated techniques. Nor is its primary function to create vivid pictures Nor is its primary function to create vivid pictures for the reader. Rather, it explains something for the reader. Rather, it explains something logically, and shows relationship.logically, and shows relationship.

In this article, the author put across his idea In this article, the author put across his idea vividly by supplying definitions for the technical vividly by supplying definitions for the technical terms, quoting directly from famous biologists to terms, quoting directly from famous biologists to give authority to what he wants to express, and give authority to what he wants to express, and by citing an example of poetic exaggeration by citing an example of poetic exaggeration (“only a little”) by Jonathan Swift about parasites.(“only a little”) by Jonathan Swift about parasites.

Language PointsLanguage Points

People usually believe that predicators have People usually believe that predicators have an easy time of it, killing defenseless prey.an easy time of it, killing defenseless prey.

People usually think that predators do not have to People usually think that predators do not have to make an effort to kill the prey animals, since they make an effort to kill the prey animals, since they (the prey) have no means of protecting (the prey) have no means of protecting themselves.themselves.

have easy time of it ------ have easy time of it ------ get what one desires get what one desires without having to work hard for it; do something without having to work hard for it; do something which requires little effortwhich requires little effort

People tend to take it for granted that the People tend to take it for granted that the heavyweight boxing champion will have an easy heavyweight boxing champion will have an easy time of it, but beating his opponent might be time of it, but beating his opponent might be harder than everyone thinks.harder than everyone thinks.

The general manager doesn’t have an easy time The general manager doesn’t have an easy time of it, running a firm with a staff of over 1600.of it, running a firm with a staff of over 1600.

carnivore:carnivore: a flesh-eating animal a flesh-eating animal carnivorous: flesh-eating carnivorous: flesh-eating

carnivorous plantscarnivorous plants prime: prime: of the best qualityof the best quality -----This meat is very dear.-----This meat is very dear. -----Yes. But it’s a prime joint of beef.-----Yes. But it’s a prime joint of beef. The prime time of my life has gone The prime time of my life has gone

forever. I’m aging fast.forever. I’m aging fast.

The reverse is true of parasites.The reverse is true of parasites. Parasites have the opposite characteristics, i.e., Parasites have the opposite characteristics, i.e.,

they are smaller but greater in number than their they are smaller but greater in number than their hosts.hosts.

to be true with to be true with ----- be true of, which is more ----- be true of, which is more commonly usedcommonly used

Langston Hughes didn’t see Jesus at that special Langston Hughes didn’t see Jesus at that special meeting. The same might well have been true meeting. The same might well have been true with /of all the other little “lambs”.with /of all the other little “lambs”.

What you said about doctors in your lectures is What you said about doctors in your lectures is also true with /of us teachers.also true with /of us teachers.

John was greatly impressed by the Great Wall --- John was greatly impressed by the Great Wall --- the same tends to be true with / of all visitors.the same tends to be true with / of all visitors.

in hopes that:in hopes that: hoping that hoping that Maggie’s husband made a list of resolutions on Maggie’s husband made a list of resolutions on

the New Year’s Eve in hopes that he would the New Year’s Eve in hopes that he would become a better father and husband.become a better father and husband.

The little sinners sat on the mourners’ bench The little sinners sat on the mourners’ bench in hopes that they could be saved .in hopes that they could be saved .

Another two phrases “in hope that” and “in Another two phrases “in hope that” and “in the hope that” are more commonly used.the hope that” are more commonly used.

take to take to ------ begin as a practice------ begin as a practice My father took to smoking cigars when he was My father took to smoking cigars when he was

fifty and only now has he quit.fifty and only now has he quit. Our neighbor has taken to repairing radios in his Our neighbor has taken to repairing radios in his

spare time.spare time.

warn …of…warn …of… ------- tell …about possible danger ------- tell …about possible danger Even though we are continually being warned of the Even though we are continually being warned of the

dangers of smoking, there are still a lot of heavy smokers dangers of smoking, there are still a lot of heavy smokers around.around.

Since the publication of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Since the publication of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring in which she warned the people of the dangers of Spring in which she warned the people of the dangers of pollution by insecticides and chemical fertilizers, there pollution by insecticides and chemical fertilizers, there has happened a series of boos on the topic.has happened a series of boos on the topic.

The organisms that make up a lichen couldn’t The organisms that make up a lichen couldn’t survive long apart.survive long apart.

The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separately.long separately.

survive:survive: to live longer than; outlive: to live longer than; outlive: She survived her husband by five years.She survived her husband by five years. to live or persist through:to live or persist through: These new plants can survive frostsThese new plants can survive frosts The house survived the storm.The house survived the storm.

9. array: 9. array: an ordered force or armyan ordered force or army an array of heavily armed troops; an array of heavily armed troops; an array of spare partsan array of spare parts The crowd were met by an array of The crowd were met by an array of

policemen.policemen. 10. advance:10. advance: a. made or given ahead of a. made or given ahead of

timetime an advance paymentan advance payment an advance partyan advance party an advance copyan advance copy

bespeak: bespeak: to be or give a sign of; indicateto be or give a sign of; indicate to engage, hire, or order in advanceto engage, hire, or order in advance We have bespoken three tickets for We have bespoken three tickets for

tomorrow.tomorrow. Today's events bespeak future tragedy.Today's events bespeak future tragedy. 13. refract: 13. refract: cause light to change when cause light to change when

passing throughpassing through Water refracts lightWater refracts light “ “In the Quartet reality is refracted In the Quartet reality is refracted

through a variety of eyes” (Elizabeth Kastor)through a variety of eyes” (Elizabeth Kastor)