unit 4 test review answers. chapter 11 cotton gin who invented? eli whitney why is it significant?...
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UNIT 4 TEST REVIEW
Answers
Chapter 11
Cotton Gin
Who invented? Eli Whitney
Why is it significant? Led to the expansion of slavery Increased profit and productivity
Erie Canal
Where is it located? Runs east to west
from Buffalo, NY to
New York, NY
Why is it significant? Faster, more
efficient form of transportation
Benefitted commerce (business)
Interchangeable Parts
Who invented?
Why is it significant? Allowed goods to be massed produced More efficient
Factory System
Required fewer skills of workers Led America to great wealth
Tariffs
Define: a tax on imported goods
North— supported high tariffs because it protected their businesses and ensured Americans would purchase their goods.
South– opposed high tariffs because it increased the price of manufactured goods from foreign countries.
Chapter 12
Andrew Jackson
Before Jackson Government had been run for the people by the well educated
(rich) leaders
• During Rise of the common man Government for the people and run BY THE PEOPLE (Democracy) Vetoed the charter of the second National Bank Removed Native Americans to Oklahoma Nullification Crisis
After Jackson National Bank destroyed = money problems Manifest Destiny in full force
Indian Removal Act
Gave Andrew Jackson the power to negotiate resettlement treaties with the Native Americans and allowed the states to make laws governing their territory.
Jackson thought this act was a fabulous compromise. He believe it would allow the natives to keep their way of life and also allow Americans to get the land they wanted.
Forced Cherokees to move into “Indian Territory”– West of the Mississippi River
Led to the “Trail of Tears” Harsh conditions… dragged out of homes into the cold and
rain
Nullification Crisis
US government imposed a high tariff to protect the Northern industry (nicknamed Tariff of Abomination) that set off a debate in Congress.
South Carolina threatened to secede because they were being forced to pay it.
John C. Calhoun insisted that if a state felt that a federal law was in direct conflict with the state’s best interest, the state could declare federal laws unconstitutional and nullify it.
Election of 1828
Seeking revenge from the “corrupt bargain” of the Election of 1824, Jackson ran again against John Quincy Adams.
Voting rights had been extended to include ALL men. (All white men rather than all white, wealthy men.)
Viewed as a more democratic election.
Spoils System
“To the victor belongs the spoils” Made popular by President Andrew
Jackson Filled government jobs with political
supporters
Chapter 13
Manifest Destiny
“Obvious Fate” Idea that America had the GOD GIVEN RIGHT to
pursue it’s dreams (more land, more wealth, and more international power)
Overall goal was to control territory from coast to coast
We used this belief to justify all the things we had to do in order to achieve those goals (war treaties, land purchases, removal of the Indians, discrimination against the other native inhabitants, boundary disputes, annexation of land, etc.)
Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Signed by President James Polk Ended war with Mexico Recognized Texas as being part of the US
Includes: California Nevada Utah Arizona New Mexico
Completed Manifest Destiny
Chapter 14
Temperance Movement
Goal was to change “moderation” of drinking to “total abstinence”
Supporters warned people of the dangers of alcohol
Dorthea Dix
What reform did he/she fight for? She worked to help
reform the prison system and help those with mental disabilities get fair treatment and care
She helped to create separate facilities for mentally ill patients
Sojourner Truth
What reform did he/she fight for? Equal rights for women Expressed her concern
that the Constitution did not talk about the rights of African Americans
How is he/she remembered today? African American woman
who was born a slave Wrote “Ain’t I a Woman?”
to explain how black women and white women were treated differently
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
What reform did he/she fight for? Participating in
social movements in support of women’s suffrage, temperance, and abolition
Horace Mann
What reform did he/she fight for? Formation of
public schools He thought the
government should pay for public school for all children
Henry David Thoreau
What reform did he/she fight for? Part of the Transcendentalism literary
movement Believed in the importance of individualism,
he urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust
Encouraged civil disobedience (peacefully disobeying a law , instead of using
violence)
Seneca Falls Convention
Promoted equal rights for women Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
and Lucretia Mott They (women) wanted the same rights
as men.
Second Great Awakening
A time of renewed religious interest The idea that people could act to make
things better Urged people to give up their sins and
help others
Free Enterprise
Property Is owned by individuals and business Little of no government control
The desire to make a profit motivates individuals
Competition is encouraged
Immigration
California Gold Rush caused a rush of settlers into California
Many Chinese found jobs as railroad workers
Influx of people created a need for a more effective government
Mormon Migration
Religious persecution forced Mormons to move many times
Brigham Young and the Mormons found a new home in Utah