unit 5: ionic bonding & nomenclature. section 1: ions pyrite (fes 2 ) is a common mineral that...
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Unit 5: Ionic Bonding & Nomenclature
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Section 1: Ions
Pyrite (FeS2) is a common mineral that is often mistaken for gold—hence its nickname, “fool’s gold.” Pyrite is an example of a crystalline solid. In this chapter, you will learn about crystalline solids composed of ions that are bonded together. But first you need to understand how ions form from neutral atoms.
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Valence Electrons:electrons in the highest
occupied energy level
- determines chemical properties
- only e- involved in chemical reactions
9-Fluorine (F) 11-Sodium (Na)10-Neon (Ne)
Group # =
Valence #
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
![Page 10: Unit 5: Ionic Bonding & Nomenclature. Section 1: Ions Pyrite (FeS 2 ) is a common mineral that is often mistaken for gold—hence its nickname, “fool’s](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649f4d5503460f94c6d3ef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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Electron dot structures:diagrams showing valence e- as dots
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The Octet Rule• most atoms form bonds to have
8 valence e-
• full outer energy level
• like the Noble Gases
Ne
Lewis dot structure
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nonmetals gain electrons to form negative ionsto achieve a complete octet in its valence level.
Anions
metals lose electrons to form positive ionsleaving a complete octet in the next-lowest energy level.
Cations
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The electron configuration of the sodium ion is the same as that of a neon atom.
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Group 1 always 1+ charge
7.1
MgNa
Mg2+Na+
Group 2always 2+ charge
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1+
2+ 3+
Ionic Compounds
Charges of Ions
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Formation of Anions7.1
The electron configuration of the chloride ion is the same as that of argon.
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Formation of Anions
Oxygen is in Group 6A.
7.1
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7.1
Group 16 (6A) always 2- charge
Group 15 (5A) always 3- charge
Group 17 (7A) always 1- charge
F F
O O
N N
-
2-
3-
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7.1Anions names typically end in -ide
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1+
2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1-
0
charges vary but always +
Charges of Ions
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Conceptual Problem 7.1
7.1
Fill in the blanks.
1.Iodine gains __ e- to form ___
2.Magnesium loses __ e- to form ___
3.Sulfur _____ __ e- to form ___
4.Aluminum _____ __ e- to form ___
1 I-
2 Mg2+
gains 2 S2-
loses 3 Al3+
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Quick Quiz!
1. How many valence electrons are in an atom of oxygen?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
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Quick Quiz.
2. Atoms that tend to gain a noble gas electron configuration by losing valence electrons are
A. metals.
B. nonmetals.
C. halogens.
D. anions.
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3. When a magnesium atom forms a cation, it does so by
A. losing two electrons.
B. gaining two electrons.
C. losing one electron.
D. gaining one electron.
Quick Quiz.
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Quick Quiz.
4. When a bromine atom forms an anion, it does so by
A. losing two electrons.
B. gaining two electrons.
C. losing one electron.
D. gaining one electron
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Quick Quiz.
5. Write the name and the symbol of the ion formed from a nitrogen atom.
A. nitrogen ion, N3+
B. nitride, N-
C. nitride, N3-
D. nitrogen ion, N2-