unit 5: non-traditional environment -...
TRANSCRIPT
Illustrating the ways organisms get and use the matter and energy needed to live and grow.
Unit 5: Non-Traditional Environment
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How do we sustain life in a non-traditional environment?
Outcome: Develop understanding of cellular structure.
• Warm-up:
List at least 5 things you know about plants and animal cells.
Unit 5 Project: Non-Traditional Environment
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• Design a man made habitat in a non-traditional environment which can support human life. – Project Requirements:
• Maintain a design notebook that explains your design choices, providing justifications and scientific support.
• Create a prototype, either a 3D scale model or floor plan of your non-traditional environment.
• Develop a flow map which shows the flow of carbon through your NT environment.
– Needs to be addressed: • Protection from the environment • Photosynthesis • Cellular Respiration • Waste Removal • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Sleeping, Food, Water, Comfort, any other
needs, specific to your environment, that humans may have)
Unit 5: Non-Traditional Environment
• Possible Environments to Choose From:
– Antarctica
– Mariana Trench
– Atacama Desert
– Mars
– Cueva de los Cristales
– Mono Lake
– Upper Atmosphere
Cell structure
• Complete the gizmo activity
• 15 minutes
• Cells- basic unit of life
• Review Levels of Organization
Types of Cells
• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
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• Prokaryotes: simple, single-celled organisms
• Earliest & most primitive forms of life on earth
• Lack a nucleus, DNA floats in cytoplasm.
• Includes bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotes
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• More recently evolved than prokaryotes
• DNA housed in nucleus
• Membrane bound organelles with unique functions
• Includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists
Evolution of Eukaryotes
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A prokaryotic host cell incorporates another prokaryotic cell. Each prokaryote has its own set of DNA molecules (a genome). The genome of the incorporated cell remains separate (curved blue
line) from the host cell genome (curved purple line). The incorporated cell may continue to replicate as it exists within the host cell. Over time, during errors of replication or perhaps when
the incorporated cell lyses and loses its membrane separation from the host, genetic material becomes separated from the incorporated cell and merges with the host cell genome.
Eventually, the host genome becomes a mixture of both genomes, and it ultimately becomes enclosed in an endomembrane, a membrane within the cell that creates a separate
compartment. This compartment eventually evolves into a nucleus.
•Cell Wall
- Plant Eukaryotes and some Prokaryotes
- Rigid, made of cellulose
- Tough – gives the plant added stability and protection from harm.
•Cell Membrane
- Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- A barrier between the cellular materials and the outside.
- Regulates what gets into and out of the cell.
Cellular Functions
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Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote
Animal Plant
Cellular Boundaries
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Shapes, supports, and protects the
cell
Regulate materials entering and exiting the cell; support and
protect
Nucleus
- Stores the cells genetic material in strands of DNA.
- In eukaroytes only
Cellular Functions
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Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote
Animal Plant
Cellular Control Center
Nucleus
Contains DNA DNA is stored
in the cytoplasm
Vacuoles • Plant eukaryotes
• Large liquid – filled storage container. Stores water, nutrients, waste, pigments.
Lysosomes
• Small membrane – bound packages of acidic enzymes that digest compounds and worn – out cellular components.
• Eukaryotes
Cellular Functions
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Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote
Animal Plant
Organelles that Store, Clean Up,
and Support
Vacuoles and
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Cyto-skeleton
Centrioles
Store materials
Break down and recycle macro-molecules
Maintains cell shape; moves cell parts, helps
cells to move
Organize cell division
Protein filaments act as cytoskeleton
•Ribosomes
- Synthesize proteins in the cell.
- Can be on the endoplasmic reticulum or float freely in the cytoplasm.
- Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Assembles proteins and lipids
- Eukaryotes
Golgi Complex
• Packages proteins into vesicles for secretion from the cell.
• Eukaryotes
Cellular Functions
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Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote
Animal Plant
Organelles that Build Proteins
Ribosomes
Endo-plasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Synthesize Proteins
Assembles proteins and lipids
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage and transport
out of cell
Chloroplasts
• Found in plant eukaryotes only
• Site of photosynthesis – synthesize glucose using sunlight
Mitochondria
- Where cellular respiration – energy is produced in the form of ATP
- Found in Eukaryotes
Cellular Functions
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Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote
Animal Plant
Organelles that
Capture and
Release Energy
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Convert chemical energy stored in food
into usable energy
Convert solar energy to chemical energy to
store as sugar
Photosynthesis occurs in
“membranes”
These rxns occur in the cytoplasm