Unit 5 ReviewUnit 5 Review

Global 10Global 10

The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution began during The Scientific Revolution began during the Renaissance.the Renaissance.

It was a movement that rejected It was a movement that rejected traditional authority and church traditional authority and church teachings in favor of scientific reasoning.teachings in favor of scientific reasoning.

A new scientific method was developed.A new scientific method was developed.

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodThe scientific method is a The scientific method is a process whereby process whereby scientists observe nature scientists observe nature and make hypotheses and make hypotheses (educated guesses).(educated guesses).

Scientists then test their Scientists then test their hypotheses through hypotheses through experiments.experiments.

A scientist must prove his A scientist must prove his hypothesis or he cannot hypothesis or he cannot claim it is true.claim it is true.

Key thinkers of Scientific Key thinkers of Scientific RevolutionRevolution

Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton

• Theory of gravity

•CopernicusCopernicus•GalileoGalileo

Heliocentric (Sun Centered) Model of the universe

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

A movement in A movement in the 18th century the 18th century in Western Europein Western Europe– Stressed the Stressed the

importance of importance of reason and science reason and science in philosophy and in philosophy and the study of human the study of human society. society.

Key Thinkers of the Key Thinkers of the EnlightenmentEnlightenment

Locke- natural rights- life, liberty, Locke- natural rights- life, liberty, propertyproperty

Montesquieu- three branches of Montesquieu- three branches of gov’t.gov’t.

Voltaire- freedom of speechVoltaire- freedom of speech

Rousseau- will of the people should Rousseau- will of the people should governgovern

Effects of the EnlightenmentEffects of the Enlightenment

Inspired revolutions in the American Inspired revolutions in the American colonies, France and Latin Americacolonies, France and Latin America

– See Political Revolutions PPTSee Political Revolutions PPT

The Congress of ViennaThe Congress of ViennaThe main goal of the The main goal of the conference was to conference was to create a balance of create a balance of power after the power after the French Revolution French Revolution that would preserve that would preserve peace in Europe peace in Europe

Restore the Restore the monarchies of Europe monarchies of Europe to powerto power– Conservatism- Conservatism-

preserve traditional preserve traditional (monarchy) ways(monarchy) ways

AbsolutismAbsolutism

Autocratic Autocratic rulers have rulers have complete complete authority over authority over the government the government and lives of and lives of their people.their people.

NationalismNationalismAggressive pride in one’s nationAggressive pride in one’s nation

Unification Movements in Italy Unification Movements in Italy and Germanyand GermanyZionism- movement for Jewish Zionism- movement for Jewish homelandhomelandIndependence in India and Independence in India and TurkeyTurkeyBreakup of the Ottoman Empire Breakup of the Ottoman Empire (Pan-Slavism)(Pan-Slavism)

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

CausesCauses– Agricultural advancementsAgricultural advancements– Geographical advantages in EuropeGeographical advantages in Europe– Capital ($) to investCapital ($) to invest

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

EffectsEffects– Rise of middle classRise of middle class– New economic theories (see Econ. New economic theories (see Econ.

Systems PPT)Systems PPT)– Urbanization- move to citiesUrbanization- move to cities– Improved transportationImproved transportation– Horrible working conditionsHorrible working conditions

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects– Rise of Labor UnionsRise of Labor Unions– Reform negative impacts of Industrial Reform negative impacts of Industrial

RevolutionRevolution

Japan and the Meiji Japan and the Meiji RestorationRestoration

Ended Japanese isolationEnded Japanese isolation

Period of Modernization and Period of Modernization and IndustrializationIndustrialization– ““Beat the west at their own game!”Beat the west at their own game!”– MilitarismMilitarism– Constitutional Monarchy (Emperor)Constitutional Monarchy (Emperor)

ImperialismImperialismCausesCauses– Economy- need for natural Economy- need for natural

resources and new marketsresources and new markets– Military- need for bases, Military- need for bases,

protection of global empiresprotection of global empires– Social- Social Darwinism Social- Social Darwinism

““Survival of the the fittest” Survival of the the fittest” applied to nationsapplied to nations

– Religious- missionary desire Religious- missionary desire to spread Christianityto spread Christianity

– Nationalism- aggressive Nationalism- aggressive pride in one’s nationpride in one’s nation

““My country is better than My country is better than yours!”yours!”

ImperialismImperialism

CausesCauses– Berlin Conference Berlin Conference

18841884Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

– European nations European nations divided up Africa divided up Africa without regard for without regard for the African peoplethe African people

ImperialismImperialismBritish in IndiaBritish in India

British East India British East India company company controlled 3/5 of controlled 3/5 of IndiaIndia

Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion– Crushed by BritishCrushed by British– British gov’t took British gov’t took

Imperial control of Imperial control of IndiaIndia

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China

Western powers Western powers carved out spheres carved out spheres of influenceof influence

Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion

Effects of ImperialismEffects of ImperialismShort TermShort Term– African and Asian African and Asian

economies economies dependent on dependent on EuropeansEuropeans

– Western culture Western culture spreadsspreads

– Traditional Traditional governments governments destroyeddestroyed

– Famines (cash Famines (cash crops)crops)

Long TermLong Term– Transportation, Transportation,

education and education and medical care medical care improvedimproved

– Nationalist Nationalist movements in Asia movements in Asia and Africaand Africa

– Dependence on Dependence on cash cropscash crops

– Cultural diffusionCultural diffusion– War!War!