Bell Ringer:

What characteristics make a good president? Why

How important do you think the president is to the course of American

History? Why?

Activating Strategy:

What do you know about George Washington?

1) Write down all that you know about him in 1 minute.

2) For 1 minute, use a give-one/get-one activity to compare your list with others around the room.

I. Starting the Government

A. George Washington – elected unanimously

B. Vice president – John Adams

C. GW set many precedents

1. serving only two terms

2. setting up a team of advisors (cabinet)

D. Congress set up three executive departments

1. Department of State: Thomas Jefferson

2. Department of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

3. Department of War: Henry Knox

E. Judiciary Act passed

1. Set up federal court system

2. Allowed for 1 Chief Justice (John Jay) and 5 Associate Justices.

F. Bill of Rights added to the Constitution

Discussion Point:

What should the current policy of the United States be toward foreign nations?

Why do you think this?

II. Early Troubles

A. Foreign Policy

1. French Revolution (1789) begins 20 years of war in Europe

French King Louis XVI

&QueenMarie

Antoinette

Storming the Bastille

Attack on the Royal Palace

2. America decides to remain neutral

a. Many supported it at first, but the violence turned most away from helping

b. Neutrality Proclamation was passed – no aid to either side

Execution of the King and Queen of France

B. National Problems1. state debts – who should pay?

a. northern states owe more than southern

stateb. National Government was in debt with

bonds – money borrowed from citizensc. Compromise – national government pays

off all state debts, but the nation’s

capital is moved south to Washington,

D. C.

2. Whiskey Rebellion (1794)a. easier to haul whiskey than the corn it was made fromb. government begins to tax whiskey

c. farmers in western PA rebel

d. GW sends in the militia – rebellion over

Tax Bill for the Whiskey Producers

C. New Government Remains STRONG

1. Bank of the United States of America

a. Congress needed a place to store the tax money collected

b. Bank issued money, made loans, and paid bills

D. Political Parties begin to develop1. Federalists (led by Hamilton & John Adams)

2. Republicans (led by Jefferson & James Madison)

Federalist Favor Republicans Favormanufacturing farmingstrong federal government

strong state governments

loose interpretation of the Constitution

strict interpretation of the Constitution

Britain FranceWealthy should lead

Middle classes (normal people) Should lead

Washington Evaluation On a blank sheet of paper write 1-2 paragraphs containing the following information:

1) How did Washington perform his job as president? 2) What important things did he do as president? 3) What problems did he face and how did he handle them? 4) Would you have voted to elect or reelect him? Why or Why not?

A. War Scare with France1. France & Britain were at war & tried

to involve the U. S. 2. France interfered with American shipping3. XYZ Affair

a. an attempt to extort money from American

diplomats 1. $250,000 for Talleyrand and $10 million for France

b. Americans were ANGRY!!!!!!

III. Foreign Relations

Talleyrand: French Foreign Minister

b. Continues talks with Talleyrand and wins out

a. Builds up U.S. Navy and Army as a show of strength

4. John Adams solves the problems with diplomacy

B. Alien & Sedition Acts are enacted

1. Attempts to quiet complaints against the Federalists

2. Alien Act – Expel any foreigner that is thought to be dangerous to America, and made it harder to become American3. Sedition Act – Citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing the government or officials

4. These laws go against the 1st Amendment

5. Can states ignore laws they believe are unconstitutional???

a. Jefferson says that states can nullify a law passed, passed by Virginia and Kentucky

b. Issue left hanging for decades

Bell Ringer:

Why do wars begin?

Are they justifiable, or simply acts of aggression.

IV. War of 1812A. New president – James MadisonB. Britain & France still trying to involve U. S. in their war

1.U.S. traders trade with the two and make profits2. British navy captured ships and impressed American sailors

British Press Gangs Taking American Sailors

C. Diplomatic solutions1. Embargo Act – banned all imports & exports to U.S.

a. This hurt them, but hurt us more – smuggling began2. Non-Intercourse Act – banned trade with

just Britain & France

D. When diplomatic solutions fail – some Congressmen want war1. War Hawks want to obtain Canada

2. U. S. felt it had to prove itself – war declared June 1, 1812E. America poorly prepared for war

1. 6000 man Army & state militias

2. Navy – 20 ships vs. 800 British ships

3. Not enough money to fund the war

“War Hawks”

Henry Clay [KY]

John C. Calhoun [SC]

F. Course of the War1. Attempt to conquer Canada failed

2. Naval Victoriesa. Battle of Lake Erie (Oliver Hazzard Perry)

b. Battle of New Orleans, 1815 (fought after the war was over!)

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

3. Defeats on Land - White House burned in August 1814

4. National Anthem

a. written by Francis Scott Key (September 1814)

b. witness to the bombardment of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore

Battle of Fort McHenry,1814

Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light…

-- Francis Scott Key

Gave proof through the night,

That our flag was still there..

Overview

of theWarof

1812

Discussion Point:

With the war at an end, what terms would you try to negotiate for with the British?

G. War ends in a stalemate (Treaty of Ghent, 1814) – nothing changed!

V. “The Era of Good Feelings”A. James Monroe elected 5th presidentB. Problems with Britain solved diplomatically

C. Monroe Doctrine1. Latin American nations become independent of Spain 2. Some European nations want to help Spain regain power3. U. S. tells Europe not to interfere in Latin America

What is Manifest Destiny?

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

“Manifest Destiny” First used by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan

in 1845.

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federal development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

A. Louisiana Purchase1. Napoleon & France owned the Louisiana Territory2. Americans want access to New Orleans 3. Napoleon needs money to fight wars in Europe

VI. Manifest Destiny: belief that America had the right to Expand to

the West coast.

a. 500 million acres of land purchased

b. $15 million – 3¢ an acre!

c. Size of the U. S. is doubled

d. Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-1806)1. sent by Jefferson to explore the new territory

2. Sacajawea – guide, interpreter (young Indian woman)

e. Zebulon Pike – explored the Plains & Rocky Mountains

Bell Ringer:

What should have been the policy/relationship toward the Native Americans?

B. Conflict with Native Americans1. Fighting in Ohio by the Miami Indians

a. Anthony Wayne sent to stop it

b. Treaty of Greenvillec. Gave up the Ohio Territory to U.S.

d. $20,000 to Indians and more if they kept the peace

2. Tecumseh’s Confederationa. Unite the tribes and live the old ways and force white settlers out of their land

b. Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

1. William Henry Harrison marched forces into the Indian town at Tippecanoe and the battle became a stalemate

Battle of Tippecanoe

Death of Tecumseh

Legend transmits that after the historic battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh released prisoners with a prophetic message for General William Henry Harrison -- a prophecy that has come to be known as -- "Tecumseh's Curse." 

"'Harrison will win next year to be the Great Chief….... He will die in his office….. I who caused the Sun to darken and Red Men to give up firewater tell you Harrison will die. And after him, every Great Chief chosen every 20 years thereafter will die. And when each one dies, let everyone remember the death of our people."

William Henry Harrison: elected 1840, after long inaguration address in the cold and rain and

died from it in 1841. (1 month) Abraham Lincoln: elected 1860, assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in 1865. James Garfield: elected 1880, assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau in 1881. William Mckinley: elected in 1900, assassinated by Leon F. Czolgosz in 1901. Warren G Harding: elected 1920, died of a stroke in 1923. Franklin D. Roosevelt: elected 1940, died of a brain hemorrhage in 1945. John F. Kennedy: elected in 1960, assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in 1963. Ronald Reagan: elected in 1980, attempted assassination by John Hinckley, but survived. George W. Bush: elected in 2000,attempted assassination by Vladimir Arutinian 2005 in

Georgia (Former part of Russia), the grenade did not go off.

Tecumseh’s Presidential Curse

C. Election of 1828 – Jackson vs. Adams

1. Jackson elected: first president from west of

the Appalachian Mountains

2. Three times as many people voted!

a. Changes in suffrage laws1. property owning qualifications lowered or eliminated2. Western States set voting age at 21 years3. Women, Slaves, and Native Americans = no voteb. Jackson seen as a “common

man”

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Expert Group Activity:In your groups, you will present information about the following events to the class dealing with Andrew Jackson. (pgs 224-239)

1. The Spoils System

2. Trail of Tears

3. Bank War

4. Indian Removal Act

5. Nullification Crisis

CP Expert Group Activity:In your groups, you will present information about the following events to the class dealing with Andrew Jackson.

1. The Spoils System

2.Indian Removal

3. Nullification Crisis

4. Bank War

3. Spoils System

a. Jackson rewards supporters with political appointmentsb. Cabinet Members: Most not qualified

1. Kitchen Cabinet: unofficial advisors who were qualified

4. New political parties formeda. Whigs

1. Wanted economic growth and protection for industry2. Mostly businessmen, federalists, and some plantation ownersb. Democrats1. Wanted better living and working conditions for whites2. Party of the “common man”

Bell Ringer:Look at the following painting and then answer the following:

1) What types of people are in shown in the painting?2) What is the overall emotional tone of the painting?3) Why are these people moving and where do you think they are going?4) What was the trip like based on the painting? (problems, conditions, length, etc…)

D. Jackson’s Native American Policy1. Indians in Southeast wanted peace with USa. lived on good land – South wanted it to

grow cotton on 2. Jackson set land aside west of the

Mississippi Rivera. Tribes encouraged or forced to

leaveb. Cherokee refused to move from Georgia, so state tried to force them out

1. Supreme Court said no: Natives were their own country, not part of the state

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

3. Jackson and Congress passed the Indian Removal Acta. Forced all Indians of the Southeast US to

leave

b. Trail of Tears: Cherokee removal, many died on the way west or died after

c. Seminole War: Refused to leave and fought the

army who came after them1. Fought for 7 years, Cost: 3,000 lives and $20 million

E. New Lands1. Gain Oregon Territory from the British a. attracts “mountain men” and traders

to the area first b. Followed by farmers and settlers on the Oregon Trails

Trails Westward

The Doomed Donner Party

April, 1846 – April, 1847

Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day

Saints)

Joseph Smith (1805-1844)

1823 Golden Tablets

1830 Book of Mormon

1844 Murdered in Carthage, IL

Violence Against Mormons

The Mormon “Trek”

The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day

Saints)

Deseret community.

Salt Lake City, Utah

Brigham Young(1801-1877)

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

2. The Mexican War (1846-1848) a. Causes

1. American desire for more territorya. 1845 annexation of Texas

1. Texans moved to Mexico for land

2. Mexico ended slavery in Texas and required them to speak Spanish and be Catholic

Texas Declaration of Independence

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836

Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

The Republic of Texas

Remember the Alamo!

The Battle of the Alamo

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

b. U. S. wanted to annex California

b. Outcome

1. U. S. victory

2. Mexico ceded territory (California, etc.)3. Mexico lost 1% of its population, but 50% of its territory

2. Boundary dispute (Rio Grande vs. Nueces River)

The Mexican War (1846-1848)

General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto

“Old Rough and Ready”

The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

General Scott Enters Mexico City

“Old Fuss and Feathers”

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848

Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848

Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

Mexico gave the U. S. California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

The Mexican Cession

Territorial Growth to 1853

Ticket Out the Door:

What effect did Manifest Destiny have on the United States and its relations with other nations?