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Unit 5

Turbines

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Hydraulic Turbines

Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy

Which convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy

Developed mechanical energy is then used to run an electrical gene

coupled to the shaft with turbine

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Flow sheet of hydroelectric power plant

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Hydraulic machinery

Turbine is a device that extracts energy from a fluid (converts the by the fluid to mechanical energy)

Pumps are devices that add energy to the fluid

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Classification

Based on hydraulic action of water

Based on direction of flow

Based on head of water and uantity of flow

Based on specific speed

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Based on hydraulic action of water

Impulse turbine ! "ne in which all the energy of water is converted to

before the water stri#es the vanes of the runner wheel$ %x$ Pelton Whe

Reaction Turbine ! &ere, water entering the runner wheel of the turbin

#inetic energy and pressure energy that is total head of water stri#ing t

%$x' rancis turbine, aplan turbine

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Based on direction of flow

Radial flow turbine ! * radial flow turbine is a turbine in which the

it move along the vane flow towards the axis of rotation or away f

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Axial flow turbine ! +ts the turbine in which water enters the runner

to the direction of axis of rotation of runner$

%x' aplan turbine

Tangential flow turbine ! +ts the turbine in which water stri#es the

tangentially to the path of rotation$

%x' Pelton turbine

Axial flow turbine Tange

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Based on head of water and quantity of flow

High head turbine ! when head is above -. m

%x' Pelton wheel

Medium head turbine ! when head is between /.m 0 -.m

%x' rancis turbine

Low head turbine ! When head is between 1-'/. m

%x' #aplan turbine

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Based on specific speed

Specific speed Types of turbine 1.'2- Pelton wheel

/.'2.. rancis turbine

2..'1... aplan turbine

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Pelton Turbine

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Francis Turbine

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Kaplan Turbine