Mansour Ahaidi

Unit 58 Sound design Production For The Moving Images

Development of Sound Design

Task 1

The history of sound design is a powerful tool that film makers’ uses to give reaction and emotion in sound effect. The sound effects over the years have been used in many brilliant commercials over the years. They are owed their power and success to their sound design. The tireless and efforts of someone with a good ear building the right audio landscape to match what we see. And this has never been as vital to the process of making great advertising as it is today. Listen to the soundtracks in the big winning commercials of the past few years – you can tell a lot of time and effort has gone into crafting what we hear, making sure these short films make a lasting impact. Over the years there have been many commercials that was owned by the power of sound designed witch was very successful.

Sound Design Sound Design is very important in the media industry. They are used in ever day life such as film making, television production, theatres, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound, post production, radio and video games.

Sound Design is mostly involved in manipulation of previously composed or recording audio; they are sound effect and dialogue. Sound design is manly composition and manipulation of audio to create desired effect and mood.

Sound Design is a technical creative field. Which covers all non-compositional elements of performance or recording such as films, play music, computer games software’s or any other multimedia project. Sound Design start very long time ago in the theatres.

Present time they are different way’s to record nature sound effects such as microphones from mobile phones androids, I Phone to capture sound effects and design. As well using device to record sound

They are two different sounds that are used in every film. They are dietetic and non-dietetic sound.

Dietetic Sound Dietetic sounds are sources that are visible in the film industry. They are common Dietetic Sounds for example an actor speaking to each other (Dialogue) or Sounds that is originated from any object in the screen for example police sirens. They could be categorized as sources that are connected or sources that is disconnected. This could depend on where the sound sources are visible or on screen.

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Non-Dietetic Sound Non-Dietetic Sound they are sources that is not presented or implied in the narrative universe, for example Music or score they are used to augment emotions. They are often very useful to create a drama for the moment that would be silent without it.

Benjamin Burtt Benjamin Ben Burtt is an American sound designer, film editor, director, screenwriter and voice actor. Ben worked in different films creating different sound designer that fits the scene. Benjamin worked in Invasion Of The Body Snatchers in 1978, E.T The Extra- Terrestrial in 1982, Wall-E 2008 and Star Trek in 2009.

He is very famous for creating many different iconic sound effects that was heard in the Star Wars film collection, such as Voice of R2-D2, the lightsaber hum, The sound of the blaster guns and heavy breathing sound of Darth Vader. He also creates the voice of Wall-E character in 2008, robotic sound of Wall-E’s voice.

John MacDonald John MacDonald was Scottish voice actor and original head of Disney Sound effect department. During 1947 to 1977 he was the voice of Mickey Mouse. He directed sound design for animation shorts as aurally complicated as Mickey’s Trailer in 1938. John develops in different original invention and contraption of express sound for each characters like Casey JR and many other characters from different films that he was include.

Jim Macdonald retired in age of 42 years he retired from Disney Studio staff. In 1934 he was hired to work in special assignments for the studio. He formed newly established sound effects departments worked as musician and creating different soundtrack for Disney. He created different Disney sound effect building the necessary contraption for his workshop.

Bibliography:

http://usoproject.blogspot.co.uk/2010/02/time-machine-part-iii-jimmy-macdonald.html

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Walter MurchWalter started editing and mixing different sound. He worked with different directors throughout his carrier such as Francis Ford Coppola, George Lucas’s. One of the films that he created was The Godfather he mixed sounds. Murch used different technique has he compared the process of film editing to be organized. Walter organized his work to separate his editing mind from his creating mind. In 1995 Walter created a book that examples film editing called The Blink Of An Eye. The book was translated into many different languages such as Chinese’s, Italian, Hebrew, Spanish, French, German and Hungarian.Walter Murch is one of the most internationally renowned editors and sound designer in the world. He carries a unique perspective on the craft of cinema. Walter worked in the sound designer in many of Francis Ford Coppola’s films just as The Rain People, The Conversation, and The Godfather part 2 and 3. Walter Murch was first awarded an Oscar for editing done electronically on Avid System for The English Patient. Walter Murch.

Bibliography:http://nofilmschool.com/2014/02/watch-masterclass-legendary-film-editor-sound-designer-walter-murch

Jack Donovan FoleyJack Foly was a developer of many sound effect technique used in filmmaking. Jack was a credited with a inventing the process of adding sound effects for films such as footsteps, environment sound; accordingly, individuals engaged they are called Foley Artists. Jack Foley was first created sound effect the increase a particular scene in the film. He used pre recorded generic sounds, Foley’s process which was involved in creating sounds in real time, synchronized to individual production making the sound realistic feel to the audience. Jack created a business in Los Angeles to manage to persuade several small time studio bosses in that town.

Bibliography:

http://www.theawsc.com/2014/01/31/a-brief-history-of-sound-design/

http://irishamerica.com/2012/01/jack-foley-and-the-art-of-sound/

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Task 2:

The three clips that I will be analysing in depth how they sound design appears for the audience to watch are as follow. The first clip is from Rocky 3 showing Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed training with Rocky Balboa played by Sylvester Stallone. This clip is a montage of Rocky Balboa in the process and developing his skills to fight. The song playing is Gonna Fly Now by Bill Conti. From 0.00 to 0.11 it’s start of start of the scene, Rocky Balboa and Carl Weathers are running. The soundtrack marries well with the images as the footsteps are in time with the music. With each footstep the music builds and gets louder and louder. The song that is being used uses a variety of different instrument including piano, trumpets and drums. In the beginning there is trumpet sound where the volume is medium and there is two people running in the background. Then the trumpet changes to drums as in the image the two people emotions changes as he was

They are preparing to train. Then the drums appears back as in the image Rocky is hitting the boxing bag the volume is loud as Rocky tries hitting the boxing bag quickly as Apollo Creed speaks to Rocky Balboa. As Rocky Balboa shows his developing skills when running and boxing music gets higher, there is foot, then the key from the trumpet changes from low notes to high notes as Rocky Balboa is hitting the punch bag and when he is running, the music appears ground of people singing ‘ Trying hard now it so hard now trying hard now’ the images is showing Rocky Balboa trying hard to develop his skills, there is high note drum sound where they are running fast. The instrument changes to trumpet with drums playing together as well Apollo Creed is speaking with Rocky Balboa. The volume on the audio is high as the music is lower than the audio. The instrument changes from trumpet to electronic guitar the volume is high though the scene the instrument mixes with trumpet with guitar.

As Rocky develops is skills the music begin as the chorus singing " Getting Strong now Won’t be long now, getting strong now As Rocky Balboa as he reaches his new stage in training programs, as near the end of training progress the music appears “Gonna fly now, flying high now, Gonna Fly, Fly, Fly ” the music that is being played it create a effect that show Rocky progress as he in the beginning of the scene was not good and find it difficult to fight.

As Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed are training very fast the music beat is cymbal as the volume is medium. There is dialogue where Apollo Creed is motivating Rocky Balboa where the volume when speaking is loud and the music slightly turn down so that the audience can hear the speaking. They are different parts in the scene.

They are different sound effects that are being recorded and it being put on this video such as two people running, where Rocky Balboa is swimming and hitting the punch bag. When the directors recorded the scene the video as well they added the sound effect in the original audio. Such as in the beginning when they are running there is footsteps running, As well the sound of the birds flying pass by in the sky, the sound of the hitting boxing bags and there is narrative whereas Apollo Creed is explaining to Rocky Balboa how he should punch the bag. They create the sound by getting the audio recorder and getting someone to punch the bag to create the sound.

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There is two people running back and front, using audio recorder to record skipping in the scene the music that is being played in the background the volume lower down as the sound of the audio gets higher

In the beginning there is loud sound where Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed are running as well they is sound of the birds flying in the sky and changes quickly to Apollo Creed speaking with Rocky Balboa the volume is loud so that the audience can hear what they saying. While in the background the music is being played the beat of the music changes and gets deeper and deeper as the story changes. The images in the scene changes as they are training and Rocky Balboa is developing his skills. There different sound in the scenes as Rocky Balboa is training he is hitting the boxing glove and hitting the boxing bags, then changes to Rocky Balboa is in the water swimming there is sound of the water like a wave coming, he is swimming Apollo Creed is speaking to Rocky Balboa.

As Rocky training and develop his training the music gets louder and louder as well Rocky start believing that the changes on his appearance before and now is changed and got better. Rocky start hitting and running quicker while the music volume is loud this makes the audience feel more indentation to what going on.

I have chosen a clip from Rocky Four showing Rocky Balboa training on his own on we can hear different sounds such as skipping, moving feet as he prepares himself, then we can hear Rocky Balboa creating a sound and boxing, As he is training in the background the music is being played is called John Cafferty - Hearts On Fire. It changes nearing some breaking a wood using hammer while Dolph Lundgren played by Drago he is in the gym weighting lefts , He makes the noises as he is tired of lifting the weight , The noises that Rocky Balboa create when he is breaking the woods to get stronger. It changes to Rocky Balboa hitting the boxing glove and making the noise while the music volume changes making the audience more in to the film. The instrument that is being used in this video is drums to make the music loud in different parts of the montages giving the audience something to look forward. In this scene they are different instruments that is being played and in different angles such as in the beginning the music is level is 4 when it gets to the intrusting parts when Rocky Balboa is developing is skills. As well though out this song drums kit is being played making the different sound effect weather is low or high in some parts of the montages.

The directors uses audio recorder to record each sound that this video clip montages has in the beginning of the scene it starts of Rocky Balboa skipping in a fast manager the sound that appears is very high, As he continues doing skipping he skips faster and faster as the sound appears louder and louder. The music that is being played starts of loud the music beats the using drams and trumpet. Then changes where Rocky Balboa is doing push up where the he create a sound that he is tried of doing push ups. The also use the audio recorder to record the sound of breaking woods. As well it shows Rocky Balboa opponent Captain Lvan Drago played by Dolph Lundgren using the different machine to get stronger, They use the audio recorder to record the sound of hitting boxing bags the music volume turns down so that the audience can hear the sound of the boxing. There is sound of using the ropes being pulled up and the actor talking as well. There is the sound of the car driving pass where Rocky Balboa is running toward a mountain and screaming loud when the audios that is

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being put in the original clips the volume of the songs that is being played in the background the volume turn downs as the audio volume is up.

Bibliography:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SUzcDUERLo ( Rocky 4 Training Montage Heart On Fire)

My second choice that I choose was a film called Saving Private Ryan in 1998. The director of this film record this scene and added different original audio recording sound and complained them together in audio system to create gun shooting, bomb exploding, and three breaking. In this scene from 0.00 to 0.02 the sound effect that the audience hears is someone breathing very highly while the camera is showing the person scared and terrifying during the battle. The sound that is been used is someone breathing into sound audio very heavily and is been collected and is been put with the video clip. As well as the person breathing we can hear few gun shot it start medium however from 0.02 up to 0.08 second The audience can hear the sound design is getting very heavily as five different things are going on at some time for example men that is looking from telescope the bomb explosive the volume gets louder as the bomb hits in the ground floor. The camera moves from the person looking at the

The camera focus using medium shot showing a person is breathing heavily their guns shooting the camera focus on the person looking through the telescope showing the audience what the person is looking and what they are going through. Suddenly the camera changes the direction and shows a person throwing the bombs exploitations, the camera creates a sense of the viewers feeling. It makes the audience imaging if they are in war. The camera brings the audience into the film and sometimes takes the audience out. This creates a great sense of feeling for the audience when watching this film. As the video continues the sound effect becomes heavily as few different sound are being played at the some time. The camera changes showing from the viewers perceptive as what the audience is watching.

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As the war progress the camera style of filming changes as the person that was looking at telescope moves from one side to the other side because of the bomb explosion the camera changes as it moves in different direction. The way that the sound is created is using different tools such as drums, valets and many other types of equipment to create the gun noises and bomb exploding noise. They have used avid highly class software they mix and match different equipments to create different sounds. The director uses high frequency bomb explosion to get the audience attention and gives a sense of the film where it going on for the audience to watch.

From 0.15 to 0.23 second there repeat of the some sound gun shooting from the distances as the men with the telescope moves around it make moving sound. As the guns is shooting the person get terrifying and breaths faster. The sound that the audience can hear men legs is moving, breathing heavily, threes is broken down, guns shooting through out the scene.

From 0.24 to 0.32 the scene sound get louder as the bomb been exploded three times in a row. Then man that is hiding get scared and moves. He reacts as his live is in danger, making the audience feel intendance and scared.

Biography:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFFlHFgYmpU (Saving Private Ryan)

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My third scene I have chosen Star Wars film collection a scene where Skywalker Vs Darth Vader Vs Darth Sidious. The beginning of the scene start of music is been played in the background throughout the scene. It layers sound effects when Luke Skywalker turn around and reaches for his lightsaber the sound changes making the audience feel very excited. When the action is taking place the voice of Darth Sidious appears as he laughs in a creepy voice. The way that the sound designed is been used is very cleaver as the background music the frequency is low while as the voice volume become louder for the audience to understand what the characters is saying. The sound effects is that is been used is professional standard making each sequence as the video clip different sound effects so that the audience does not get tired and bored of listening to one sound.

From 0:07 to 0:13 It is very fast pass as Skywaller and Darth Vader are fighting each other. The sound that the audience can hear footsteps, The sound of lightsaber from Darth Vader and Skywaller.

Bibliography:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZ_j3s5xj8I (Star Wars: Luke Skywalker vs. Darth Vader vs. Darth Sidious )

In concussion:

I think that sound design has changed very much since the first time that was used in1980s. As the year went on recording design has developed so much that know in present time is very easy and simple for people to create different sound effects. As the years went on new technologies are been created to record and synchronised the audio to computers. As well software’s to edit are been created to edited raw footages. I think that in 1980s was difficult to create a particular sound that they may want.

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Sound Design Timeline

Evnest Von Siemens was the first inventor of sound that introduced in film industry. He created an inventing machine called Dynamic Transducer. Later on was developed into speakers that give a new meaning to exhibiting sound that would effectively.

Emile Berliner he invented the first Carbon Microphone that was first began the sound revolution. He created the first way to record sound and supply new way to record sounds in to a flat disc recording.

William Dickson he developed the sound film. He was working with someone called Thomas Edison and they both produced Kinetophone. Kinetophone was a device that could play sound back recording on vinyl recording. William created the first popular exhibit sound film that used Synchronised sound and image.

Tri Ergon A German they were conglomerate was noticeable developing new technology. They created a machine called Movie Tone in 1926. This machine would record audio to film strips. Which was better to synchronisation. Moving Tone was better quality sound using the some style that would record filmstrips.

Lee De Forest was a technique pioneer he created machine called The Phono Film. It was similar to the Tri Ergon. However The Phono Film they produced much better sound quality and Synchronisation. The Fox company bought the machine. In 1930th Warner Brothers had a method to record onto vinyl.

There were two group of sound engineer. George Grover and Stanley Watkins was in that group who worked together to invent a machine called Vitaphone. That would record a flat disc at the time meant. Which was the front leading of sound recording. They developed a system that would work better than any developing sound film system. George also invited instrumental called Dubbing. He continued the development of sound. He introduced multiple automated vinyl recording.

1877 Thomas Alva Edison, he worked in his lab and recovered Mary’s Little lamb successful strip. He showed his worked by inventing offices of Scientific American, and the phonograph was born.

1878 Cornestist Jules Levy played “ Yankee Doodle ” was the first music that was played and was put to record.

1881 Clement Ader was an Engineer using carbon microphone and armature headphones. Which was produced a series of effects that was listened outside monitor adjacent telephone lines linked to stage mikes at the Paris Opera.

1887 Emile Berliner introduced a flat disc called Gramophone that made the production of multiple copies practical.

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1888Edison created electric motor called Driven Phonograph.

1895Marconi created a wireless telegraphy system, which was successfully experiment in the Italy. This was the first leading transatlantic signal from Poldhu, Cornwall, United kingdom to St John’s Newfoundland in 1901.

1898Valdemar Poulsen created the "Telegraphone," recording using steel wire.

900Pouksen created his invention and showed it to the public in Paris Exposition.

1901Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson opened up their company called The Victors Talking Machine Company.

1906Lee Deforest created the first signal Amplifier using vacuum tube.

1910Enrico Caruso was the first person that broadcast in Metropolitan Opera, NYC.

1912Major Edwin F Armstrong supplied a patent for a regenerative circuit that made radio reception practical.

1913Edison used Kinetophone to create the first “Talking Movie” and demonstrated the process, a cylinder player mechanically and synchronized to a film project.

1916Armstrong issued superheterodyne. The society of Motion Picture Engineer (SMPE) was formed.

1917The Scully Disk was recorded lathe is introduced. E.C. Wente of Bell. The Telephone Laboratories they published Physical Review.

Bibliography: http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/audio.history.timeline.html https://thomastudgefilm.wordpress.com/2013/10/28/sound-design-history-timeline/

http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/audio.history.timeline.html 

https://thomastudgefilm.wordpress.com/2013/10/28/sound-design-history-timeline/