unit 6

X58 Chipset

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INTEL X58

The Intel X58 (codenamed Tylersburg) is an Intel chip designed to connect Intel

processors with Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) interface to peripheral

devices. Supported processors implement the Nehalem micro architecture and

therefore have an integrated memory controller (IMC), so the X58 does not

have a memory interface.

Except for the lack of a memory interface, the X58 is similar to the traditional

Northbridge.

Communicates with the processor via the high speed QPI, it communicates

with the Southbridge via DMI, and it communicates with high speed

peripherals via PCI-E.

The X58 is not a memory controller hub (MCH).

X58 QuickPath Interconnect port has 20 lanes.


Unlike the FSB, QPI is a point-to-point interface and supports not

only processor-chipset interface, but also processor-to-processor

connection and chip-to-chip connection.

The X58 has two QPIs and can directly connect to two processors on

a multi-socket motherboard or form a ring-like connection :

(1st processor - x58 - x58 - 2nd processor - 1st processor)

I/O Controller Hub (ICH), also known as Intel 82801, is an Intel

microchip used as southbridge on motherboards with Intel chipsets

(Intel Hub Architecture). As with any other southbridge, the ICH is

used to connect and control peripheral devices.


Intel® X58 Express Chipset Features

Intel® QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) : Intel’s latest system interconnect design

increases bandwidth and lowers latency. Supports the Intel® Core™ i7-965

processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7-940 and i7-920 processors.

PCI Express* 2.0 Interface: PCI Express 2.0 delivers up to 16GB/s bandwidth per

port, providing leading-edge graphics performance and flexibility with support for

dual x16 and up to quad x8 graphic card configurations, or any combinations in

between. The Intel X58 IOH provides an additional 4 lanes that can be used for

graphics or I/O for a total of 36 PCI Express lanes.

Intel® High Definition Audio: Integrated audio support enables premium digital

surround sound and delivers advanced features such as multiple audio streams and

jack re-tasking.

Intel® Matrix Storage Technology: With additional hard drives added, provides

quicker access to digital photo, video and data files with RAID 0, 5, and 10, and

greater data protection against a hard disk drive failure with RAID 1, 5, and 10.

Support for external SATA (eSATA) enables the full SATA interface speed outside

the chassis, up to 3 Gb/s. Prepared by pdfshare

Intel® X58 Express Chipset Features Intel® Rapid Recover Technology: Intel’s latest data protection technology

provides a recovery point that can be used to quickly recover a system should a hard drive fail or if there is data corruption. The clone can also be mounted as a read-only volume to allow a user to recover individual files.

Intel® Turbo Memory: Intel’s innovative NAND cache designed to improve the responsiveness of applications, application load times, and system boot performance. Intel Turbo Memory, paired with the Intel X58 Express Chipset, also allows the user to easily control the applications or data in the cache using the new Intel® Turbo Memory Dashboard interface, boosting performance further.

Serial ATA (SATA) 3 Gb/s : High-speed storage interface supports faster transfer rate for improved data access with up to 6 SATA ports.

eSATA : SATA interface designed for use with external SATA devices. It provides a link for 3 Gb/s data speeds to eliminate bottlenecks found with current external storage solutions.

SATA Port Disable : Enables individual SATA ports to be enabled or disabled as needed. This feature provides added protection of data by preventing malicious removal or insertion of data through SATA ports. Especially targeted for eSATA ports.


Intel® X58 Express Chipset Block Diagram


Intel® X58 Express Chipset Block Diagram PCI Express* 2.0

Intel’s high-end desktop chipset continues support for PCI Express 2.0 and adds

flexibility with support of dual x16 and up to quad x8 graphics card configurations and

combinations in between.

The greatly improved 32GB/s of graphics bandwidth capability enables much higher

levels of performance on graphics intensive applications such as high end gaming and

video rendering for digital content creation.

Intel® I/O Controller Hub 10 (Intel® ICH10 and Intel® ICH10R)

The Intel® ICH10 I/O controller hub of the Intel X58 Express Chipset integrates

several capabilities to provide flexibility for connecting I/O devices.

Intel® Rapid Recover Technology (when configured with ICH10R I/O controller): With

the ability to instantly boot off of a clone hard drive, Intel Rapid Recover Technology

provides a fast, easy to use method for the end user to recover their data and return their

system to an operational status.



Intel® Matrix Storage Technology: Native support of external SATA

ports (eSATA), combined with Intel Matrix Storage Technology (Intel®

MST), provides the flexibility to add an external drive for increased

data storage with up to 6 times faster performance than USB* 2.0 or

IEEE 1394 4002. Support for eSATA enables the full SATA interface

speed of up to 3 Gb/s outside the chassis.

The Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) provides easier

expandability with support for eSATA devices and native hot plug,

while boosting boot and multi-tasking performance with Native

Command Queuing (NCQ). In addition, support for Command Based

Port Multipliers, and RAID levels 0, 1, 5 and 10 enable greater

reliability for personal data, or maximum storage performance for

intensive applications.



Intel® Solid State Drives support: The Intel X58 Express Chipset, when paired with Intel® X25-E Extreme and X25-M Mainstream SATA Solid State Drives (SSDs), provides a high performance solution that can enable faster overall system response, boot and resume times. With no moving parts, SSDs run cooler and quieter and are a more reliable option than hard drives.

In addition, SSDs remove input/output (I/O) performance bottlenecks associated with hard disk drives that help maximize the efficiency of Intel processors, such as the new Intel Core i7 processor family.

• Intel® Turbo Memory: The Intel X58 Express Chipset with the Intel ICH10R also supports Intel Turbo Memory, an innovative flash memory-based overall system performance and boot time accelerator.

This feature is easily implemented using a PCI Express x1 module and can be used with any SATA Hard Drive to improve system responsiveness.

Intel Turbo memory enables faster application loading and concurrent performance enhancements when used in con¬junction with Intel Matrix Storage Technology.

Intel Turbo Memory, paired with the Intel X58 Express Chipset, also allows the user to easily control the applications or data in the cache using the new Intel® Turbo Memory Dashboard interface, boosting performance further.



Faster System Performance :With the growing imbalance between processor

and memory performance, it is critical to optimize the memory controller design

to obtain the maximum possible performance from the memory subsystem.

The transition of the integrated memory controller (iMC) into the processor

significantly increases overall system performance through the optimization of

available bandwidth along with reduction of memory access latency.

The Intel® CoreTM i7 family of processors brings triple channel DDR3 memory

technology support. The DDR3 SDRAM devices operating at 1066 MHz, offer

peak data transfer rates of up to 25.6 GB/s (when operated in triplel-channel

interleaved mode), enabling the platform to take advantage of the higher

bandwidth, faster system performance, and higher performance per watt at

1066MHz2.


Features of 82801JIR I/O controller hub

Direct Media Interface

—10 Gb/s each direction, full duplex

—Transparent to software

PCI Express*

—6 PCI Express root ports

—Supports PCI Express 1.1

—Ports 1-4 can be statically configured as 4x1,or 1x4

—Support for full 2.5 Gb/s bandwidth in each direction per x1 lane

—Module based Hot-Plug supported (e.g.ExpressCard*)



USB 2.0

—Six UHCI Host Controllers, supporting up to twelve external ports

—Two EHCI Host Controllers, supporting up to twelve external ports

—Two Configuration Options for EHCI Controllers 6+6 and 8+4

—Per-Port-Disable Capability

—Includes up to two USB 2.0 High-speed Debug Ports

—Supports wake-up from sleeping states S1-S4 Supports legacy

Keyboard/Mouse software.

External SATA support

—Port Disable Capability



Integrated Gigabit LAN Controller

—Integrated ASF Management Controller

—Network security with System Defense

—Supports IEEE 802.3

—LAN Connect Interface (LCI) and Gigabit LAN Connect Interface (GLCI)

—10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet Support

—Jumbo Frame Support.

Intel® Matrix Storage Technology

—Configures the ICH10 SATA controller as a RAID controller supporting

RAID 0/1/5/10


Features of 82801JIR I/O controller hub Intel® High Definition Audio Interface

—PCI Express endpoint.

—Independent Bus Master logic for eight general purpose streams: four input and four output.

—Support four external Codecs.

—Supports variable length stream slots.

—Supports multichannel, 32-bit sample depth,192 kHz sample rate output.

—Provides mic array support.

—Allows for non-48 kHz sampling output.

—Support for ACPI Device States.

—Low Voltage Mode.

Intel® Quiet System Technology

—Four TACH signals and three PWM signals

—Improved algorithms for better performance Prepared by pdfshare


Interrupt Controller

—Supports up to eight PCI interrupt pins

—Supports PCI 2.3 Message Signaled Interrupts

—Two cascaded 82C59 with 15 interrupts

—Integrated I/O APIC capability with 24 interrupts

—Supports Processor.

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

—Supports up to two SPI devices

—Supports 20 MHz and 33 MHz.

Low Pin Count (LPC) I/F

—Supports two Master/DMA devices.

—Support for Security Device (Trusted Platform Module) connected to LPC. Prepared by pdfshare


System TCO Reduction Circuits

—Timers to generate SMI# and Reset upon detection of system hang

—Timers to detect improper processor reset

—Integrated processor frequency strap logic

—Supports ability to disable external devices.

Real-Time Clock

—256 Byte battery-backed CMOS RAM

—Integrated oscillator components

—Lower Power DC/DC Converter implementation.


Block Diagram ICH10(Intel® 82801IJR I/O Controller)


Block Diagram ICH10

Direct Media Interface (DMI)

Direct Media Interface (DMI) is the chip-to-chip connection between the

Memory Controller Hub / Graphics Memory Controller Hub ((G)MCH) and

I/O Controller Hub 10 (ICH10).

This high-speed interface integrates advanced priority-based servicing

allowing for concurrent traffic and true isochronous transfer capabilities.

Base functionality is completely software-transparent, permitting current and

legacy software to operate normally.

Serial ATA (SATA) Controller

The ICH10 has two integrated SATA host controllers that support

independent DMA operation on up to six ports and supports data transfer

rates of up to 3.0 GB/s (300 MB/s).

The SATA controller contains two modes of operation – a legacy mode using

I/O space, and an AHCI mode using memory space.

Software that uses legacy mode will not have AHCI capabilities. Prepared by pdfshare

Block Diagram ICH10

Universal Serial Bus (USB) Controllers

The ICH10 contains up to two Enhanced Host Controller Interface (EHCI)

host controllers that support USB high-speed signaling. High-speed USB

2.0 allows data transfers up to 480 Mb/s which is 40 times faster than full-

speed USB.

The ICH10 also contains up to six Universal Host Controller Interface

(UHCI) controllers that support USB full-speed and low-speed signaling.

PCI Express* Interface

The ICH10 provides up to 6 PCI Express Root Ports, supporting the PCI

Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1. Each Root Port supports 2.5 GB/s

bandwidth in each direction (5 GB/s concurrent).

PCI Express Root Ports 1–4 can be statically configured as four x1 Ports or

ganged together to form one x4 port. Ports 5 and 6 can only be used as two

x1 ports. Prepared by pdfshare

Block Diagram ICH10

Intel® High Definition Audio Controller

The Intel® High Definition Audio Specification defines a digital interface that can be used to attach different types of codecs, such as audio and modem codecs.

The ICH10 Intel® HD Audio controller supports up to 4 codecs. The link can operate at either 3.3 V or 1.5 V.

JTAG Boundary-Scan (Corporate Only)

ICH10 adds the industry standard JTAG interface and enables Boundary-Scan in place of the XOR chains used in previous generations of the ICH. Boundary-Scan can be used to ensure device connectivity during the board manufacturing process.

The JTAG interface allows system manufacturers to improve efficiency by using industry available tools to test the ICH on an assembled board. Since JTAG is a serial interface, it eliminates the need to create probe points for every pin in an XOR chain. This eases pin breakout and trace routing and simplifies the interface between the system and a bedof- nails tester. Prepared by pdfshare

Block Diagram ICH10

GPIO

Various general purpose inputs and outputs are provided for custom

system design.

The number of inputs and outputs varies depending on ICH10

configuration.

Gigabit Ethernet Controller

The Gigabit Ethernet Controller provides a system interface via a PCI

function.

The controller provides a full memory-mapped or IO mapped interface

along with a 64 bit address master support for systems using more than 4

GB of physical memory and DMA (Direct Memory Addressing)

mechanisms for high performance data transfers.


Block Diagram ICH10

System Management Bus (SMBus 2.0)

The ICH10 contains an SMBus Host interface that allows the processor to

communicate with SMBus slaves. This interface is compatible with most

I2C devices.

Special I2C commands are implemented.

Enhanced Power Management

The ICH10’s power management functions include enhanced clock control

and various low-power (suspend) states (e.g., Suspend-to-RAM and

Suspend-to-Disk).

A hardwarebased thermal management circuit permits software-

independent entrance to lowpower states.


Features and benefit of I5 processor

Core i5 microprocessor family, released in September 2009, is a family of

processors with medium-level performance as compared to Core i7.

The i5 processors include many features found in Core i7 Nehalem CPUs -

single-die quad-core design, on-die DDR3 memory controller, point-to-point

protocol used to communicate with I/O devices, 256 KB level 2 cache (per

core), large shared level 3 cache, SSE4 instructions, and support for such

features as Virtualization technology and Turbo Boost technology.

Features

1]The microprocessors include dual-channel memory controller as opposed

to triple-channel controller in Nehalem CPUs.

2]Instead of Quick Path Interface, the i5 processors feature slower Direct

Media Interface point-to-point protocol.

3]i5-7xx processors do not support Hyper-Threading technology.


Features and benefit

4]Future i5-6xx microprocessors do include Hyper-Threading feature, but

they have only two CPU cores.

5]Desktop Intel Core i5 microprocessors are packaged in 1156-land Land-

Grid Array (LGA)package, and require socket 1156 motherboard.

Advantages of i5:

Some Core i5 processors are dual-core and some are quad-core.

Most of the time, a true quad-core CPU will perform better than a dual-core

processor,especially on multimedia tasks like video transcoding or photo

editing.

All Core i3 processor are dual core.

In general, the system will last longer with the newer processor, since the

older processor doesn't have a year or more worth of improvements in it.


Features and benefit

Unless the older system is on deep discount, we recommend buying the

newer processor, all other factors being equal.

Within the same generation, the essential takeaway is that to get better

performance in each generation, buy a processor with a higher model

number (e.g., a Core i5-3570 has generally better performance than a Core

i3-3220).


Block diagram of Intel i5 motherboard


Explanation of Block Diagram:

Chipset:

It is divided into three main categories: those that use the PCI bus for

interconnection (the 4xx series), those that connect using specialized "Hub

Links" (the 8xx series), and those that connect using PCI Express (the 9xx

series). The chipsets are listed in chronological order.chipset used in i5

manufactured by Intel.

Embedded Display Port:

Display Port is a digital display interface.The interface is primarily used to

connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor,

though it can also be used to carry audio, USB, and other forms of data.It

allows both internal and external display connections, and unlike legacy

standards where differential pairs are fixed to transmitting a clock signal

with each output, the Display Port protocol is based on small data packets

known as micro packets which can embed the clock signal within the data

stream. Prepared by pdfshare


Serial ATA:

Advanced Technology Attachment [ATA]is an Interface standard for

connecting storage devices like Hard Drive, CD-ROM or floppy drives to

Motherboard interfaces. SATA host adapters and devices communicate via

a high-speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors.

USB 2.0:

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-

1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols

used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between

computers and electronic devices.



Intel High Definition Audio:

The Intel® High Definition Audio Specification describes an

architecture and infrastructure to support high-quality audio

implementations for PCs. The specification defines the register-level

interface, physical link characteristics, and codec programming

model, as well as codec architectural components. This specification

is intended for hardware component designers, system builders, and

device driver (software) developers. Implementation of the Intel®

High Definition Audio Specification requires a license from Intel.


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unit 6

Engineering