Unit 6 Part A

The Handsomeand DeformedLeg

America has never forgotten Benjamin Franklin because he did both. He became famous for being a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a printer, a philosopher, a musician, and an economist. Today, they honor Ben Franklin as one of their Founding Fathers and as one of

Glimpses of the Man :----“If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you are dead & rotten, either writing things worth reading, or do things worth writing.”

In Philadelphia, you can find both Ben's gravesite and the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. You'll also find The Franklin Institute Science Museum.

America's greatest citizens. Although he was born in Boston, the city of Philadelphia is remembered as the home of Ben Franklin.

There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the othercomforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and vents, and the resulting effects upon their minds. In whatever situation men can be placed, they may find conveniences and inconveniences. In whatever company,

no matter what

no matter what

The state of companionship

or fellowship

The state of companionship

or fellowship

they may find persons and conversations more or less pleasing. At whatever table, they may find meat and drink of better and worse taste, dishes better or worse prepared. In whatever climate, they may find good and bad weather. Under whatever government, they may find good and bad laws, and good and bad administration of these laws. In every poem or work of genius, they may see beauties and faults. In almost every

face and every person, they may discover fine features and defects, good and bad qualities. Under these circumstances, the people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness ofthe wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the

contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented themselves. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The disposition to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its

Which word in this sentence is emphasized? What is the normal order?

“themselves” is emphatic. The normal order:They themselves are discontented.

the + comparative. “the” is an adverb.

“ 更加，愈”particular way of

thinking

possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their congeniality. I hope this little admonition may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on real grief and misfortune. These people offend many others,nobody loves them, and no one treats them with

the previous sentence

more than the most common civility and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad humor and draws them into disputes. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their ambitions. These people should change this bad habit and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing, without fretting themselves

What does “that” refer to?

be promoted or make fortune.

and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid an acquaintance with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes entangled in their quarrels. An old philosopher friend of mine grew very cautious from experience, and carefully avoided any contact with suchpeople. He had a thermometer to show him the temperature, and a barometer

careful to avoid risks

to show when the weather was likely to be good or bad. Since there is no instrument, however, to discover an unpleasant disposition in a person at first sight, he made use of his legs. One of his legs was remarkably handsome, the other, by some accident, was crooked and deformed. If astranger looked at his ugly leg more than his handsome one, he doubted him. If he spoke of it and took no notice of

accidentally意外地

谈及，说起

the handsome leg, my friend had suffi-cient reason not to bother with him any longer. Not everyone has this two-legged instrument, but everyone, with a little attention, may observe signs of that kind of fault-finding disposition and make the same resolution to avoid those in-fected with it. I therefore advise those critical, argumentative, discontented, unhappy people, that if they wish to

good reason; enough reason

be respected and loved by others, andhappy in themselves, they should stop looking at the ugly leg.

When you are reading this passage, bear this question in your mind--- What does “ the handsome leg” and the “deformed leg” respectively refer to? What can you get from these two “legs”?

arise from由 ...而引起 , 由 ...而产生 ; 从 ...中产生( syn. ) arise out of

Smoke arose from the chimney.mistakes that arise from a basic misunderstanding.

arise : vi. to come into being arose ; arisen rise: vi. to stand up or to ascend rose ; risenraise: vt. to lift or rear raised ; raised

1. When the concert ends, don’t forget to _______ to cheer its success.

2. If you have any questions, please _______ your hands.

3. You should have the ability to solve the problems when they _______ .

4. The sound of their voices _______ and fell.

Exercise

rise

raise

ariserose

sit (down) at table 坐下吃饭table plan 宴会座位安排on the table ( 摆 ) 在桌面上 , 公开地under the table 秘密地 , 私下里at the conference table 在会议桌上get round the table ( 使 ) 坐下来谈判lay... on the table 将 ... 延期讨论

In this part, Franklin uses many examples in order to tell us what?

There is good and bad in everything. We should notice both the two sides to every question.

under no circumstancesIn no case; never.无论如何不；决不 ( 倒装 )under the circumstances / in the circumstancesGiven these conditions; such being the case.在这些情况下；情况既然如此

attention

In this / that situationOn this / that occasionIn / under this / that circumstance

sour : adj. (1) having a sharp taste ( like that of vinegar, a lemon or unripe fruit) This apple is really sour. The milk has turned sour. (2) showing a bad temper; disagreeablein manner What a sour face she has! He gave me a sour look.

v. sour --- make sth. become sour.The hot weather soured the milk.Various unhappy experiences have souredher view of life.

disagree: to have different opinions; quarrel slightlydisagreeable: adj. ( of sth.) Not to one‘s liking; 不合意的；令人不快的；讨厌的 a disagreeable experience (of sb.) having a quarrelsome, bad-tempered manner.好争吵的，脾气暴躁的 a disagreeable fellow

take up: (1) 开始从事He took up art while at school. 他在学校时开始对艺术感到兴趣。He took up gardening when he retired.

(2) 继续；接下去to take up one's story 接着讲故事

Therefore, the whole sentence means:The tendency of character to criticize and dislike things around them probably starts at earlier times by following the examples of others.

effect --- take effect, come into effect, have an effect, 见效， 生效 --- in effect, in fact, 实际上，事实上。

exercise

effect / affect

1. This hay fever is seriously ________ my work.2.The new law comes into ________ next Monday.3.Has the medicine taken ________ yet?4.Mr. Court ________ numerous changes while running this company.

affecting

effects

effectseffected

be of service to: be helpful to; be useful to Can I be of service to you in organizing the trip? If we can be of service, do not hesitate to call on us. His professional knowledge has been of great service to us.

bring on: to cause, to result in

Her fever was brought on by her going out in the rain.Reading in a poor light may bring on a headache.A month in London will bring on improvements in your English.

bring off 实现，完成：bring off a successful advertising campaign.

bring out 揭示，揭露：brought out the facts.

bring forward 呈上；提出：bring forward proof.

相关短语

These verbs mean to cause resentment, humiliation, or hurt.

To offend is to cause displeasure, wounded feelings, or repugnance in another. 对感情的伤害

offend / insult / affront

offend ( 学生必备 P167)

Insult implies gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness resulting in shame or embarrassment 对某人说粗话或举止粗鲁。

affront is to insult openly, usually intentionally.公开地冒犯，通常为有意地

1.You shouldn’t ________ the waiter just because you don’t like the food.

2. They haven’t answered my invitation and I feel a bit ________ .

3. ________ at his impertinence, she stared at him coldly and wordlessly.

insult

offended

Affronted

How to paraphrase this sentence? What does “humor” mean?

humor--- one’s mood, state of mind.this--- the previous sentence ( others treat them with more than the most common civility and respect )“The way they are treated always make their mood bad and cause a quarrel.

aim at: (1) to point or direct (a weapon, shot, etc.) towards some subjects, esp. with the intention of hitting it . I aimed at the door, but hit the window. The gun is aiming straight at the man. (2) to direct one’s efforts (towards doing or obtaining sth.) The program is aimed at young teenagers. The company must aim at increasing profits.

condescend: to descend to the level of one considered inferior; lower oneself

He never condescends to speak to me.It is said the general condescended to eat with the soldiers every Sunday.

acquaintance: knowledge or information about something or someone. I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well. 我稍懂些英语 , 但并不精通。 He has a large circle of acquaintances. 他有很多相识的熟人。

a speaking acquaintance 泛泛之交a passing acquaintance with 对 ... 的浮浅的了解drop /cut sb.'s acquaintance 和某人绝交have a nodding acquaintance with sb. 与某人有点头之交 ; ( 对某学科 ) 略知一二have no acquaintance with 不熟悉 , 不了解make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人

entangle: to involve in or as if in a tangle.The sailor's legs got entangled with the ropes. The ropes were entangled so I was not able to untie the parcel.A sparrow became / got entangled in the net.

be/ get entangled in 陷入 ( 困境 ) be/ get entangled with 卷入 ; 牵连

(1)A fault-finding disposition brings trouble to its possessor and all he meets.

(2) An overly critical character is not natural.It’s a habit.

at the first sight : when seen or considered for the first time At first sight the problem seemed easy. At first sight it looked like a simple accident,but later the police became suspicious.

moremore

on sight 一看见立刻：threatened to shoot looters on sight.out of sight 看不到，不被看到Keep out of my sight. out of sight (Slang) 奇特的；不可置信的：The graduation party was out of sight.in sight 在望；不远Peace was in sight.

take no notice of 不注意 , 不理会He takes no notice of what is told him.

take notice of 注意 , 留心take notice of sb. 款待某人come to /into sb.'s notice 引起某人的注意

Take notice that ... ( 我 ) 警告你 ...

make a resolution (=form/ come to / take a resolution) 决心 , 拿定主意show great resolution 表示极大的决心a man of great resolution 极其果断的人resolution of doubt 疑团的清除visual resolution 目力分辨率

infect: (1) get into the body of, often throughthe air; produce infection in infected with cholera ( 霍乱 ) One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children. (2) make sb. else have feelings of the same type. Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.

be infected with 感染 , 沾染上Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.

All the girls in the class are infected with Mary’s high spirits.

What can we know from the last paragraph?

There are two sides in everything. Finding faults will cause serious consequences in life, bringing grief and misfortune. Thus, to be happy, don’t be critical.

translation work of text

1.世界上有人快乐有人忧愁，这是因为他们对事物的看法不同。2. 乐观的人注意香醇的美酒、明媚的阳光，悲观的人只会怨天尤人、牢骚满腹。3. 如果希望得到尊重和爱戴，应当首先学会如何尊重和爱戴别人。4. 关于这份事故的两份报告在很多方面有不同。

5. 他对日语只知道一点点。 (acquaintance )6. 你感冒了，别靠近我！ --- 我可不想被传染！ (infect)7. 他的专业知识帮了我们大忙！ (service)8. 我看得出，他是故意对我显示恩惠的。( condescend)9. 不礼貌的行为可能导致不愉快 ( offend )10.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。( arise )

Writing:Write down your feelings after having learned Franklin’s argumentation. Whatdo you know about our life? And what kind of life do you want to possess?No less than 120 words are needed.

That’s over!