Unit 6: World War I

1795-1814: Napoleon conquers most of EuropeFrance gains a lot of National Pride

1795-1814: Napoleon conquers most of EuropeFrance gains a lot of National Pride

1795-1814: Napoleon conquers most of EuropeFrance gains a lot of National Pride

How do you think other European countries reacted to this?

Napoleon is defeated for good in 1815and exiled to the island of Saint Helena

Congress of Vienna: 1814-1815

After Napoleon’s defeat, European leaders meet. Prevent future control by one person. “Balance of Powers.”

Congress of Vienna: 1814-1815

Main decisions made by the “4 Great Powers” of Europe – Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria

Congress of Vienna: 1814-1815

Main decisions made by the “4 Great Powers” of Europe – Britain, Russia, Prussia, AustriaFrance officially loses Napoleon's conquests

Results of the Congress: Spheres of Influence in Europe

Sphere of Influence:

A territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation

Results of the Congress: Spheres of Influence in Europe

Russia expands

Creation of the German Confederation

Prussia and Austria become largest, most powerful kingdoms in Central Europe

Otto von Bismarck and realpolitik “The politics of reality”

Make decisions that are practical rather than idealistic

Otto von Bismarck and realpolitik “The politics of reality”

Building and maintaining power is the mostvital purpose ofa government

Countries are outfor themselves

Nationalism

Otto von Bismarck and realpolitik “The politics of reality”

What is an example of realpolitik in the modern world?

Austro-Prussian War – 1866aka Seven Weeks War Bismarck wants Prussia to

have more power than Austria

In 1866 Austria and Prussia fight and Prussia wins

Northern Germany becomes unified. Prussia is most powerful state in Germany and Austria is excluded from their empire

1867: Austro-Hungarian Empire Austrian Empire

lost war; new empire created, Austria-Hungary

11 ethnic groupsMaintained close

ties with the new German Empire

Another war: Franco-Prussian War - 1870

Bismarck wanted an even stronger Prussia

German military was superior

German nationalism throughout all regions in German Confederation

“Prussia was not a country with an army, but an army with a country” – Friedrich Freiherr von Schrötte, Prussian minister

German Territorial gains: Alsace-Lorraine (on French border)

France owes Germany 5 billion Francs in damages

Breech-loading Krupp Gun

France crushed at Battle of Sedan

German Unification!! 1871

Germany now most powerful country on European continent

Bismarck: German Chancellor

No more balance of powers from Conference of Vienna

German Unification!! 1871

Germany establishes twolegislative houses: -Reichstag-Bundesrat

Real Power, however, remained in the hands of:-Emperor (Kaiser) William I-Chancellor Bismarck

German Unification!! 1871

Which neighboring states lost the most territory to the German Empire? Who do you think would be mostlikely to seek revenge?