UNIT 8 NOTES:

THE COLD WARChapter 26 – The Cold WarChapter 29 – The Kennedy & Johnson Years

Presidents of the United States George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945)Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952)John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960)Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)

America: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: Origins of the Cold War

Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up

Section 3: The Korean War

Section 4: The Continuing Cold War

Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945–1960)

OBJECTIVESCORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of

the Cold War and evaluate the presidential foreign policies during the Cold War.

Objective 8.4: Describe characteristics of the McCarthy Era.

Chapter 26 SECTION 4 –

The Continuing Cold War

During the 1950s, the Cold War spread around the world. At home, McCarthyism caused fear and

distrust.

McCARTHYISMMcCarthy’s Rise to Power In 1950 Wisconsin Senator

Joseph McCarthy, caused a second “Red Scare” of Communist conspiracies within the United States.

McCarthy produced a list of 205 names of presumed Communist-supporting government employees. Later, when scrutinized, this list was

reduced to 57.

Although McCarthy’s accusations were usually baseless and unprovable, few were willing to risk their reputations by speaking out against him.

McCarthy’s Fall In early 1954,

McCarthyism, the name given to McCarthy’s communist crusade, reached the army.

Democrats asked that the hearings between McCarthy and the army be televised, hoping to swing popular opinion against McCarthy.

By mid-June 1954, McCarthy had lost even his strongest supporters. The Senate formally condemned him for his actions.

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WHO IS JOE MCCARTHY? McCarthyism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-s6xqd9T8w

The Arms RaceThroughout the 1950s, the United States and the

Soviet Union competed in an arms race, a struggle to gain weapons superiority.

Deterrence, the policy of maintaining a military arsenal so strong that no enemy will attack for fear of retaliation, resulted in the increasing development of powerful nuclear weapons.

The American policy of brinkmanship involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually entering into war. WRITE

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U.S. FALLS BEHINDTo carry bombs to their targets, the Soviet Union

developed long-range rockets known as intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs.

In 1957, the Soviets launched the satellite Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit Earth.

When a Soviet missile shot down an American U-2 spy plane, the resulting U-2 incident shattered American confidence and prompted a desire to surpass Soviet weapons technology.

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The Continuing Cold War—Assessment

What was the significance of the U-2 incident?(A)It motivated the United States to increase the

technological development of its military.(B)It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs.(C)It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb.(D) It began the Cold War.

The Continuing Cold War—Assessment

What was the significance of the U-2 incident?(A) It motivated the United States to

increase the technological development of its military.

(B)It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs.(C)It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb.(D) It began the Cold War.

Vocabulary AssessmentWhich of these choices is the best example of collective security?

(A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization(B) Security and Exchange Commission (C) The Potsdam Conference(D) The Marshall Plan

Which of these best describes Deterrence? (A) Invading communist countries to encourage democracy(B) The plan to contain communism until it fades away(C) involved bringing the United States to the brink of war

without actually entering into war.(D) Making your weapons arsenal so strong than enemies are

fearful to attack

Vocabulary AssessmentWhich of these choices is the best example of collective security?

(A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization(B) Security and Exchange Commission (C) The Potsdam Conference(D) The Marshall Plan

Which of these best describes Deterrence? (A) Invading communist countries to encourage democracy(B) The plan to contain communism until it fades away(C) involved bringing the United States to the brink of war

without actually entering into war.(D) Making your weapons arsenal so strong than

enemies are fearful to attack