UNIT 7 VOCAB QUIZ

•Dawes Plan•Emergency Quota Act•Irreconcilables•F. Scott Fitzgerald•Teapot Dome Scandal•Name one of the notable musicians who recorded with the label on my shirt.

UNIT 7 VOCAB QUIZ

•Jeanette Rankin•Kellogg-Briand Pact•National Origins Act•Fourteen Points•Schenck v. United States•Name one of the notable musicians who recorded with the label on my shirt.

1980S AND BEYOND!

T H E TO T A L LY G

N A R LY EN D I N

G OF T

H E CO L D

W A R

THE REGAN YE

ARS

A N D TH E R

I SE O

F CO N S E R V A T I S

M

LIBERAL OR CONSERVATIVE?

L IBERAL Government regulation of big

business Government should help the

disadvantaged through social programs

Strong supporters of free speech and privacy

Opposed to government support of religion

Support high taxes on wealthy Social problems have their

roots in economic inequality

C O N S E R VAT I V E

Deregulation of business to foster competition

Social programs should be provided by private charities

Strong supporters of tradition and traditional authority

Religious faith is vitally important in sustaining society

Oppose high taxes Limited government, strong

states’ rights

A NEW CONSERVATISM IN THE 1980S

• Post WWII: Conservatism 1960s/70s: Rebellion 1980s: Conservatism

Causes:• Social turmoil from the civil rights and

counterculture movements• Faith lost in traditional authority (e.g. Watergate,

Pentagon Papers)• Stagflation of the 1970s• New Conservatives: Sunbelt, suburbs, Evangelical

Protestant Christians.

SUNBELT CONSERVATISM

• Population growth in Sunbelt during WWII for defense factory jobs

• Sunbelt conservatism: Opposed high taxes and federal regulations that threatened to interfere with the region’s growth.• White Southerners turn to Republican conservatism as a

result of the civil rights movement• Westerners resented federal environmental regulations that

restricted the development of the region’s natural resources.

• By 1980 the population of the Sunbelt had surpassed the Northeast giving the conservative regions of the country more electoral votes

SUBURBAN CONSERVATISM

• “White flight” to suburbs due to urban crime, poverty, etc.

• 1970s inflation reduced the buying power of the average middle class family while taxes remained high.

• Proposition 13 (CA): A state referendum that greatly reduced property taxes; launched by conservative Howard Jarvis

• Anti-tax movement appeared in other states and tax cuts became a national issue.

THE RELIGIOUS RIGHT

• Fears that America had lost its traditional values, and were tired of change and upheaval

• Evangelical Protestant Christians were the largest group within the social conservatism movement. • Conversion, literal interpretation

of the Bible, focus on atonement, and activism

• Billy Graham, Oral Roberts, Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson

• Televangelists: evangelical ministers who reached a large nationwide audience through television.

RONALD REAGAN

• Actor for over 25 years, president of SAG, testified against Hollywood in front of HUAC

• Served as Governor of California between 1967-1975

• Promoted limited government, low taxes, and law and order

• Youthful, despite age; folksy personality

THE ELECTION OF 1980

Carter (D) vs. Reagan (R)• Carter suffering from low approval (21%)

due to stagflation, Iran Hostage Crisis, high unemployment

• Reagan promised to cut taxes and increase defense spending

• He won support of social conservatives by calling for a constitutional amendment banning abortion

“Are you better off than you were four years ago?”

“Let’s make America great again.”• Reagan won nearly 51 percent of the

popular vote and 489 electoral votes• For the first time since 1954, Republicans

gained control of the Senate

REAGAN’S DOMESTIC POLICIES

• Deregulation: Reagan eliminated price controls on oil and gasoline. Led to price wars, cheaper fares and

the founding of new airlines. Cut funding for EPA and OSHA to

increase competition• 1984 The U.S. begun its biggest economic

expansion in its history up to that time. The median income of American

families climbed 15 percent by 1989 5 million new businesses and 20 million

new jobs were created. 1988 unemployment had fallen to

about 5.5 percent, lowest since 1973

REAGANOMICS

• Reaganomics: A conservative form of economic policies aiming to reduce government spending, regulation, and inflation to improve the economy• Monetarists: Argued that inflation

was caused by too much money in circulation. The best solution was to raise interest rates.

• Supply-side economics: Argued that the economy was weak because taxes were too high ( ~23%)

• Laffer curve: Illustrates the relationship between possible rates of taxation and the resulting levels of government revenue

• Also increased defense spending for the Cold War

• Critics called this approach Reaganomics or “trickle-down economics” The believed his policy would help

corporations and wealthy Americans, while only a little bit of the wealth would “trickle down” to average Americans.• Effects

$200 Billion loss of federal revenue over 5 years

Increased federal deficit 3x’s what it had been prior to his administration ( $930B to $2.8T)

CRITICISM OF REAGANOMICS

• The Reagan Doctrine: The U.S. supports guerrilla groups around the world who were fighting to overthrow Communist or pro-Soviet governments.

• Iran-Contra Scandal: Senior administration officials secretly facilitated an “arms for hostages” deal with Iran despite an embargo, then used the money to fund a Nicaraguan anti-communist rebel group (Contras) in an attempted coup• Marine Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North of the National Security Council • He and other senior NSC and CIA officials admitted to covering up their

actions, including shredding documents to destroy evidence.• Reagan implicated, but never tried• The “Teflon President”

THE IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL

The Cold War Thaws

THE COLD WAR HEATS UP

• USSR called the “evil empire”

• Reagan begins drastically expanding America’s military arsenal• $2 Trillion; ¼ of the national budget• Places nukes in W. Europe to counter Soviets

• Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, AKA: “Star Wars”): Called for the development of weapons that could intercept and destroy incoming missiles.

THE SPACE RACE CONTINUES

• NASA focuses on the development of the reusable space shuttle

• Columbia, 1981-2003: First space shuttle; disintegrated upon reentry on 28th mission

• On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members.

• Many viewed the launch live because of the presence of crew member Christa McAuliffe, the first female teacher in space.

WHY CONTINUE SPACE EXPLORATION?

• Invisible braces• Scratch resistant

eyeglass lenses• Memory foam• Ear thermometers• Shoe insoles• Telecommunicatio

ns• Smoke/CO

detectors• Cordless tools• Water filters• LEDs• Products that

helps firefighters, police, and racecar drivers perform better

IF YOU GIVE A COMMIE FREEDOM…

• Alliance between China and USSR dissolves in 1960s/70s

• Attempts to match US military buildup had tanked the Soviet economy

• USSR maintains tight control and censorship through 1960s/70s• Revolts in Hungary, Czechoslovakia

• Mikhail Gorbachev takes power in USSR in 1988• Young, enthusiastic, and a skilled politician• Glasnost: Means openness; allowed the free flow of

ideas an information• Perestroika: Economic restructuring• Democratization: called for the election of new

legislative body, rather than voters merely approving of those appointed by the Communist Party.

THE COLD WAR COOLS OFF

• Attempts to cooperate between the two nations

• In December of 1987, Gorbachev and Reagan signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)• This treaty banned missiles with ranges of 300 to 3,400 miles •Eliminate nukes held in Europe in trade for withdrawal of Soviets from Afghanistan

AND THE WALL COMES TUMBLING DOWN!

In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin on June 12, 1987, Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the wall as a symbol of increasing freedom in the Eastern Bloc.

AND THE WALL COMES TUMBLING DOWN!

The USSR dissolves in 1991

Pretty Much the Cold War