unit 7 vocabulary
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Unit 7 Vocabulary. Watson & Crick Rosalind Franklin DNA What are the 3 parts of DNA ? What 4 bases does DNA use ? Nucleotide complementary bases complementary strands What makes strands complementary ? DNA replication Helicase DNA polymerase Why must DNA be replicated ? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 7 Vocabulary1. Watson & Crick2. Rosalind Franklin3. DNA4. What are the 3 parts of DNA?5. What 4 bases does DNA use?6. Nucleotide7. complementary bases8. complementary strands9. What makes strands complementary?10. DNA replication11. Helicase12. DNA polymerase13. Why must DNA be replicated?14. Is DNA replication a part of mitosis,
meiosis, or both?15. RNA 16. What are the 3 parts of RNA?17. What 4 bases does RNA use?18. messenger RNA (mRNA)19. Transcription20. RNA polymerase21. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)22. Translation23. transfer RNA (tRNA)24. Codon25. AUG
26. UGA, UAA, UAG27. Anticodon28. amino acids29. Polypeptide30. Protein31. Ribosome32. central dogma of molecular biology33. Enzyme34. Chromosome35. Gene36. Trait37. Mutation38. Mutagen39. Nondisjunction40. Deletion41. Duplication42. Inversion43. Translocation44. Substitution45. Downs syndrome46. eugenics
Unit 7 Vocabulary1. Watson & Crick- scientists who
discovered the structure of DNA in 1953
James Watson Francis Crick
Rosalind FranklinFranklin’s Picture of DNA
2. Rosalind Franklin- scientist who first photographed DNA
Unit 7 Vocabulary3. DNA- hereditary molecule that carries genetic code for proteins (traits)
4. What are the 3 parts of DNA?- deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, base (A, T, C, G)
5. What 4 bases does DNA use?- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Unit 7 Vocabulary6. nucleotide- the building block of DNA & RNA; composed of a phosphate group, sugar, and base
7. complementary bases- bases that chemically bond together, such as A-T or C-G
8. complementary strands- long strings of bases that chemically bond together, such as GATTACA and CTAATGT
9. What makes strands complementary?all of their bases are complementary to each other
Unit 7 Vocabulary10. DNA replication- the process of making two identical molecules of DNA
11. DNA polymerase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by adding complementary nucleotides to template strand
12. ligase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by connecting segments of nucleotides
Unit 7 Vocabulary13. Why must DNA be replicated?- so that there is a complete copy of DNA for each new daughter cell when a cell divides
14. Is DNA replication a part of mitosis, meiosis, or both?- both
Growth
Growth DNA Replication
Unit 7 Vocabulary15. RNA- ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that is used as a temporary genetic code
16. What are the 3 parts of RNA?- ribose sugar, phosphate group, base (A, U, C, G)
17. What 4 bases does RNA use?- adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
RNA
DNA
RNApolymerase
Nucleus
Unit 7 Vocabulary18. messenger RNA (mRNA)- molecule that carries the code of DNA in the nucleus to the rest of the cell
19. Transcription- the process of synthesizing RNA using DNA as a template
20. RNA polymerase- enzyme that synthesizes RNA using DNA as a template
21. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- the type of RNA that is folded to create a ribosome
anticodon
amino acidamino acid
amino acid
Unit 7 Vocabulary22. translation- the process of creating a polypeptide chain using the genetic code carried by mRNA
23. transfer RNA (tRNA)- molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome
Unit 7 Vocabulary24. codon- a group of 3 nucleotides (bases) that codes for 1 amino acid
25. AUG- the start codon; also codes for methionine
26. UGA, UAA, UAG- the stop codons; do not code for any amino acid but instead terminate translation
Codon = 3 nucleotides
Unit 7 Vocabulary27. anticodon- 3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that complement a mRNA codon
anticodon
amino acid
Unit 7 Vocabulary28. amino acids- the building blocks of proteins; 20 types
29. polypeptide- a long chain of bonded amino acids
30. protein- a folded polypeptide
PolypeptideProtein
Unit 7 Vocabulary31. ribosome- the organelle responsible for linking together amino acids; the “protein factories” of the cell
Unit 7 Vocabulary32. central dogma of molecular biology- the concept that in cells, information always flows from DNA, to RNA, to protein and not in any other order.
DNA RNA Protein
Unit 7 Vocabulary33. enzyme- a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions, such as DNA polymerase
Unit 7 Vocabulary34. chromosome- a molecule of DNA that contains 100’s to 1000’s of genes
35. gene- the factors that are passed from parent to offspring; code for a trait
36. trait- a specific characteristic, such as height, of an individual
Unit 7 Vocabulary37. mutation- a change in the sequence of DNA; may be positive, negative, or have no effect
38. mutagen- a substance that causes mutations; Ex: UV light
Unit 7 Vocabulary39. nondisjunction- the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis; leads to the production of gametes with too many and too few chromosomes
Unit 7 Vocabulary40. deletion- when a segment of chromosome is lost
41. duplication- when a segment of a chromosomes is copied, resulting in two identical segments
42. inversion- when segments(s) of a chromosome change location on the chromosome
43. translocation- when two non-homologous chromosomes cross over, resulting in a change of location of many gnes
Unit 7 Vocabulary44. substitution- a type of gene mutation where one base is replaced with another
Substitutions:
Unit 7 Vocabulary45. Downs syndrome- a genetic disorder where a person have 3 copies of chromosome #21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes
Unit 7 Vocabulary46. eugenics- the science of improving a human population through selective breeding practices