Unit 7 Vowels: Diphthongs

Homework presentation of the last unit

Vowels(20)Vowels(20)

Pure Vowels(12Pure Vowels(12)) Diphthongs(8)Diphthongs(8)

ShortShort Vowels(7Vowels(7)) LongVowels(5LongVowels(5))

//i/ /e/ /æ/ /ɔ/ /ʌ/ /u/ /ə/i/ /e/ /æ/ /ɔ/ /ʌ/ /u/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /i:/ /a:/ /u:/ /ə://ɔ:/ /i:/ /a:/ /u:/ /ə:/

Review:

English Vowels: Diphthongs

Pure vowels

Diphthongs

Is it a pure vowel or a diphthong?

1. /u:/

2. / eə /

3. / Iə /

4. / əʊ /

5. / i:/

6. / e /

7. /eI/

8. /aI/

9. / ə:/

10. / I /

Is it a pure vowel or a diphthong?

• 1. queues• 2. bear• 3. really• 4. hole• 5. reader

• 6. shed• 7. sail• 8. lighter• 9. pearls• 10. skill

Is it a pure vowel or a diphthong?

• 1. queues• 2. bear• 3. really• 4. hole• 5. reader

• 6. shed• 7. sail• 8. lighter• 9. pearls• 10. skill

English Vowels: Diphthongs

--- English 8 Diphthongs

What is a diphthong?

• 双元音是由两个音合二为一的一种音素。• 双元音的发音特点：口形舌位有变化；前长后短；

前重后轻；前清楚后模糊；双音化一。• 发双元音时由第一个音向第二个音滑动，滑动过

程中没有任何停顿。滑动过程中，第一个音长而响亮，并自然而连贯地向第二个音滑动，第二个音短而含糊；一般来说，由第一个音向第二个音滑动时，不到第二个音的发音部位，即告发音完成。

Classification of English Diphthongs

English Diphthongs

Centering diphthong Closing diphthongs

Ending in ə Ending in I ending in ʊ

Iə eə ʊə eI aI ɔI əʊ aʊ

here hare tour they cry toy know now

Centering Diphthongs( 中向双元音 )

Cen

trin

g D

iph

tho

ng

s

• 在发音时舌位从 [i] 滑向 [ə] 双唇扁平，牙床从半合到半开。要注意，这个双元音的第一个成分是 [i] 而不是 [i:] 。

• 的第一个成分是一个半开前元音，发音时双唇保持扁平。

• 发音的起点是 [u] ，舌头位置高，圆唇。在发音过程中，舌头朝 [ə] 的方向移动，双唇往两边拉开。

Centring Diphthongs• 集中双元音/ɪə/Ø  Is there a post office near here?     Ø Things are clear and you don’t need to fear. Ø  I want to be quite clear on this problem. • 集中双元音 /eə/ “ 咧嘴集中”音Ø I swear I’ll never tell anyone.            Ø She was not aware how deeply he loved her.  Ø  Why did you buy another pair of shoes?         • 集中双元音/ʊə/ “ 后缩舌、圆唇、集中”音Ø  He’s from a very poor family.      Ø  We were unsure about who was to blame.   Ø  I’m sure that’s pure gold.        

Practice

•

• 1. peer; pair; poor

• 2.tear; tare; tour

• 3. dear; dare; doer

• 4. fear; fair; fewer

Closing (Ending in [i])

[ei][ai]

Closing Diphthongs

Closing (Ending in [i])• /ei/ 在发音时舌头位置以

[e] 为起点，朝着 [i] 的方向移动。

• 注意：是“朝着 [i] 的方向移动”，但不一定要求真正达到 [i] 。牙床开始时半开，逐渐收拢。

• /ai/ 发音的起点为前元音[a] ，舌位低，牙床全开，双唇中常，发音时朝着 [i]的方向移动，即牙床逐渐收拢，双唇往两边拉开： /ai/ 。

的发音起点为后元音 ，牙床近乎全开，双唇稍圆，然后舌头朝着 [i] 的方向移动，即牙床逐渐闭合，双唇从圆到平。

Closing Diphthongs• 合口双元音 /eɪ/ “ 嘴角咧到耳朵上”音Ø  I hate to trouble him.   Ø  She always calls a spade a spade.    Ø  There is no way I can get out of it.  • 合口双元音 /aɪ/ “ 超级大嘴饱满、啊姨合口双

元”音Ø  He’s behind the times.                Ø  I like your style.                   Ø  Mike’s wife likes her life in the countryside.       • 合口双元音 /ɔi/ 舌唇由圆唇到扁平，由口大到

口小，由长到短。Ø Let us join hands in friendship.         Ø I’m in a hurry, so get to the point.Ø  It’s a joy to watch the boy playing with his toy.   

Closing (Ending in [u])Closing (Ending in [u])

[au]

•

• 的发音以中元音作为起点，朝后元音 [u] 的方向移动，唇形从中常到略圆，牙床渐合。总的来说，这个音在发音时滑动的幅度并不大。

• /au/ 的发音以 [a] 作为起点，朝后元音 [u] 的方向移动，此处的 [a] 音稍后于 /ai/ 的起点，准确地说，它位于 /ai/ 的起点和 [a]之间。发音时牙床全开，双唇中常，随后舌位朝 [u]的方向滑动，牙床逐渐收拢，双唇呈圆状，从 [a]到 [u] 滑动幅度较大，牙床从开到合。

/au/

Closing Diphthongs

• 合口双元音 /əʊ/ “ 疯狂舀水、合口”音Ø I hope nothing is wrong.                   

Ø I’d like to propose a toast.              

Ø  I know. You know. I know what you know.

 

• 合口双元音/aʊ/ “ 鬼哭狼嚎合口”音Ø  Get out of my house now.                  

Ø  I’ve heard so much about you.           

Ø  How about going downtown now?     

English Vowels: Diphthongs

--- Pronouncing Difficulties in Diphthongs

• /e-ei/: said-say/ let-late/ pen-pain/ get-gate/ men-main/ wet-wait/ sell-sail/ red-rate/ ate-eight

• /əu-ɔɔ/: row-raw/ so-saw/ coat-caught/ wok/: row-raw/ so-saw/ coat-caught/ woke-walk/ bowl-ball/ coal-calle-walk/ bowl-ball/ coal-call

• //ɔ:ɔ:-ɔi/:ɔi/: all-oil/ call-coil/ tall-toil/ corn-coin/ g all-oil/ call-coil/ tall-toil/ corn-coin/ gnaws-noise/ jaws-joynaws-noise/ jaws-joy

Listening exercises

Listening Exercise (1) – Sound discrimination

• 1. peer pair• 2. tear tare• 3. dear dare• 4. fear fair• 5. sheer share• 6. spear spare• 7. really rarely• 8. steering staring• 9. poor pull• 10. found phoned

• 11. town tone• 12. file foil• 13. tiles toils• 14. sell sail• 15. red raid• 16. men main• 17. less lace• 18. wet wait• 19. seal sail• 20. feel fail

Listening Exercise (1) – Sound discrimination

• 1. peer pair• 2. tear tare• 3. dear dare• 4. fear fair• 5. sheer share• 6. spear spare• 7. really rarely• 8. steering staring• 9. poor pull• 10. found phoned

• 11. town tone• 12. file foil• 13. tiles toils• 14. sell sail• 15. red raid• 16. men main• 17. less lace• 18. wet wait• 19. seal sail• 20. feel fail

Listening Exercise (2) – Sounds for information

• They were talking about the cures/queues in the hospital.• Who is going to say something about the bear/beer market?• I really/rarely believe what he says.• How many people did you see in the big hall/hole?• Are they all good raiders/readers?• It's hot. Let's have a rest in the shed/shade.• Is the man going to sell/sail his boat?• It was a lot later/lighter than I thought it would be.• Where did you get those colorful pails/pearls?• It is a useful skill/scale.

Speaking Exercise (1)– sounds in perception and production

1. a. What do you think of the new tool? It is an invention.• b. What do you think of the new tour? It was an exciting tour.

2. a. He found her, didn't he? No, he's still looking for her.• b. He phoned her, didn't he? No, but he's going to.

3. a. How do you spell "pool"? POOL.• b. How do you spell "poor"? POOR.

4. a. How do you spell "coach"? COACH.• b. How do you spell "couch"? COUCH.

5. a. What are you going to do with your pen? Throw it away.• b. What are you going to do with your pain? I'll take some pills.

6. a. How did you like the tests? Very easy.• b. How did you like the tastes? Delicious.

7. a. Did you see the bell? You mean the silver one?• b. Did you see the bail? Yes, it's a lot of money.

8. a. Two more pints, please. You have ten pints now.• b. Two more points, please. You have ten points now.

9. a. That person is dangerous. Take him to the police.• b. That poison is dangerous. Put it in a safe place.

10. a. How do you like the boy's ties? I like the red ties.• b. How do you like the boy's toys? I like the robots.

Speaking Exercise (2): Reading aloud – Identify words that are stressed first.

Pay special attention to the pronunciation of English diphthongs.

• Taste is one of our five senses.

• The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell.

• You hear with your ears.

• You see with your eyes.

• You taste things with your tongue.

• Taste buds send information about food to your brain.

• You have a lot of taste buds, maybe even 10,000!

• Women often have more taste buds than men.

• Foods like ice cream and bananas taste sweet.

• French fries, cheese, and ocean water taste salty.

• Lemons have a sour taste, and coffee is bitter.

• We all know about these four main tastes: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.

• Why does a sense of taste matter?

• It helps people decide on safe things to eat.

• Thanks to your sense of taste, you can enjoy all your favorite foods.

Speaking Exercise (2): Reading aloud – Identify words that are stressed first.

Pay special attention to the pronunciation of English diphthongs.

• Taste is one of our five senses.

• The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell.

• You hear with your ears.

• You see with your eyes.

• You taste things with your tongue.

• Taste buds send information about food to your brain.

• You have a lot of taste buds, maybe even 10,000!

• Women often have more taste buds than men.

• Foods like ice cream and bananas taste sweet.

• French fries, cheese, and ocean water taste salty.

• Lemons have a sour taste, and coffee is bitter.

• We all know about these four main tastes: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.

• Why does a sense of taste matter?

• It helps people decide on safe things to eat.

• Thanks to your sense of taste, you can enjoy all your favorite foods.

Speaking Exercise (3): impromptu s

peech • Noise Pollution Ladies and gentleman: today I'd like to talk about

noise pollution. There is too much noise in our cities. In most of cities, you can't even hear someone speaking next to you. Noise is hurting our health and hearing. We need to do something to reduce noise. We need new laws to punish companies and individuals who make too much noise. Let's work together to reduce noise and create a more peaceful environment. Thank you very much for your attention.

• Now learn this speech and make your speech about “NOISE POLLUTION”

Homework

• Materials for supplementary exercises:

- 动画学双元音（ 1 、 2 ） • Reading aloud the reading materials ( 朗读材料）• A one-minute mini-talk:

Pronunciation in communication: Talking about likes & dislikes